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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1165 | TMEM222 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM222 were changed from Motor delay; Delayed speech and language development; Intellectual disability; Generalized hypotonia; Broad-based gait; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Seizures; Microcephaly; Behavioral abnormality to Neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and speech delay and behavioural abnormalities, MIM# 619470; Motor delay; Delayed speech and language development; Intellectual disability; Generalized hypotonia; Broad-based gait; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Seizures; Microcephaly; Behavioral abnormality | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1164 | TMEM222 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TMEM222: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and speech delay and behavioural abnormalities, MIM# 619470; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1078 | TMEM222 | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: TMEM222 as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1078 | TMEM222 | Zornitza Stark Gene: tmem222 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1078 | TMEM222 | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: TMEM222 as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1078 | TMEM222 | Zornitza Stark Gene: tmem222 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1077 | TMEM222 |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: TMEM222 was added gene: TMEM222 was added to Genetic Epilepsy. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM222 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM222 were set to 33824500 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM222 were set to Motor delay; Delayed speech and language development; Intellectual disability; Generalized hypotonia; Broad-based gait; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Seizures; Microcephaly; Behavioral abnormality Penetrance for gene: TMEM222 were set to Complete Review for gene: TMEM222 was set to AMBER Added comment: Seizures have been reported in 7 individuals (from 6 families). Consider inclusion with amber/green rating. From the ID panel : Polla et al (2021 - PMID: 33824500) report 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families, with biallelic TMEM222 pathogenic variants. The phenotype included motor, speech delay and moderate to severe ID (as universal features). Other manifestations included hypotonia (10/15), broad gait (5/12), seizures (7/17 - belonging to 6/9 families), MRI abnormalities (5/8). Variable behavioral abnormalities were observed (aggressive behavior, shy character, stereotypic movements etc). Abnormal OFC was a feature in several with microcephaly in 7 subjects from 4 families (measurements not available for all 17). Nonspecific facial features were reported in 10/17. Rare features incl. body tremors, decreased lower extremity muscle mass or disorder of motor neurons. TMEM222 variants were identified following exome sequencing. Previous investigations incl. metabolic studies, FMR1, chromosomes by standard karyotype or CMA, SMA, CMT1A were reported to be normal (available for some individuals). TMEM222 variants missense and pLoF ones mostly found in homozygosity (7/9 families were consanguineous, compound heterozygosity reported in a single case from the 9 families). Sanger sequencing was used for confirmation of variants, parental carrier state as well as testing of sibs (unaffected sibs tested in 4 families). Few individuals had additional genetic findings in other genes, though classified as VUS (3 families). The gene encodes transmembrane protein 222 (208 residues) which however has unknown function. The protein comprises 3 transmembrane domains and a domain of unknown function. TMEMs are a group of transmembrane proteins spanning membranes with - most commonly - unclear function. The authors measured expression by qPCR mRNA analysis, demonstrating highest fetal and adult brain expression (incl. parietal and occipital cortex). Expression levels from GTEx data also support a role in neurodevelopment. Immunocytochemistry revealed highest levels in mature human iPSC-derived glutaminergic cortical neurons and moderate in immature ones. Additional studies supported that the gene is highly expressed in dendrites and might play a role in postsynaptic vesicles (colocalization with postsynaptic and early endosomal markers). A previous study by Riazuddin et al (2017 - PMID: 27457812) had identified TMEM222 as a candidate gene for ID. This family (PKMR213) however appears to be included as family 2 in the aforementioned publication (same pedigree, variant and phenotype in both articles). In OMIM there is currently no associated phenotype. The gene is listed among the primary ID genes in SysID. Please consider inclusion in the ID panel with green (or amber) rating. This gene may also be included in other panels e.g. for epilepsy, microcephaly, etc. Sources: Literature |
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