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| Mendeliome v0.7643 | THOC2 | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: THOC2 as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7643 | THOC2 | Zornitza Stark Gene: thoc2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7643 | THOC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THOC2 were changed from to Mental retardation, X-linked 12/35 MIM#300957 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7642 | THOC2 | Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: THOC2 were set to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7641 | THOC2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: THOC2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7637 | THOC2 | Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Multiple (>10) individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes reported with missense, splice, and exon deletion variants. Variants are reported de novo or inherited from a carrier mother. Note that null (whole gene deletion or NMD) variants have not been reported in affected individuals. Arg77Cys appears to be recurrent (reported in multiple individuals).; to: Multiple (>10) males with neurodevelopmental phenotypes reported with missense, splice, and exon deletion variants. Variants are reported de novo or inherited from a carrier mother. Note that null (whole gene deletion or NMD) variants have not been reported in affected individuals. Arg77Cys appears to be recurrent (reported in multiple individuals). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7637 | THOC2 | Paul De Fazio edited their review of gene: THOC2: Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7637 | THOC2 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: THOC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26166480, 32116545, 29851191, 32960281; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 12/35 MIM#300957; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3732 | FAM50A |
Zornitza Stark gene: FAM50A was added gene: FAM50A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM50A was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: FAM50A were set to 32703943 Phenotypes for gene: FAM50A were set to Mental retardation syndrome, X-linked, Armfield type (MIM #300261) Review for gene: FAM50A was set to GREEN Added comment: Lee et al (2020 - PMID: 32703943) provide evidence that Armfield X-Linked intellectual disability syndrome is caused by monoallelic FAM50A pathogenic variants. The current review is based only on this reference. The authors provide clinical details on 6 affected individuals from 5 families. Features included postnatal growth delay, DD and ID (6/6 - also evident for those without formal IQ assesment), seizures (3/6 from 2 families), prominent forehead with presence of other facial features and variable head circumference (5th to >97th %le), ocular anomalies (5/6 - strabismus/nystagmus/Axenfeld-Rieger), cardiac (3/6 - ASD/Fallot) and genitourinary anomalies (3/6). In the first of these families (Armfield et al 1999 - PMID: 10398235), linkage analysis followed by additional studies (Sanger, NGS of 718 genes on chrX, X-exome NGS - several refs provided) allowed the identification of a FAM50A variant. Variants in other families were identified by singleton (1 fam) or trio-ES (3 fam). In affected individuals from 3 families, the variant had occurred de novo. Carrier females in the other families were unaffected (based on pedigrees and/or the original publication). XCI was rather biased in most obligate carrier females from the 1st family (although this ranged from 95:5 to 60:40). Missense variants were reported in all affected subjects incl. Trp206Gly, Asp255Gly, Asp255Asn (dn), Glu254Gly (dn), Arg273Trp (dn) (NM_004699.3). Previous studies have demonstrated that FAM50A has ubiquitous expression in human fetal and adult tissues (incl. brain in fetal ones). Immunostaining suggests a nuclear localization for the protein (NIH/3T3 cells). Comparison of protein levels in LCLs from affected males and controls did not demonstrate significant differences. Protein localization for 3 variants (transfection of COS-7 cells) was shown to be similar to wt. Complementation studies in zebrafish provided evidence that the identified variants confer partial loss of function (rescue of the morpholino phenotype with co-injection of wt but not mt mRNA). The zebrafish ko model seemed to recapitulate the abnormal development of cephalic structures and was indicative of diminished/defective neurogenesis. Transcriptional dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish (altered levels and mis-splicing). Upregulation of spliceosome effectors was demonstrated in ko zebrafish. Similarly, mRNA expression and splicing defects were demonstrated in LCLs from affected individuals. FAM50A pulldown followed by mass spectrometry in transfected HEK293T cells demonstrated enrichment of binding proteins involved in RNA processing and co-immunoprecipitation assays (transfected U-87 cells) suggested that FAM50A interacts with spliceosome U5 and C-complex proteins. Overall aberrant spliceosome C-complex function is suggested as the underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Several other neurodevelopmental syndromes are caused by variants in genes encoding C-complex affiliated proteins (incl. EFTUD2, EIF4A3, THOC2, etc.). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.0 | THOC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: THOC2 was added gene: THOC2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Mode of inheritance for gene: THOC2 was set to Unknown |
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