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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.31 | C2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: C2 was added gene: C2 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: C2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C2 were set to 31421540 Phenotypes for gene: C2 were set to C2 deficiency, MIM# 217000 Review for gene: C2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Can present with severe early infections in infancy/childhood. Later manifestations include autoimmune phenomena. Treatment: pneumococcal, meningococcal, haemophilus influenzae vaccines Non-genetic confirmatory tests: complement levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2158 | AMT |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AMT: Added comment: Severe infantile forms: treatment does not currently alter outcomes. Attenuated forms can have onset in childhood, therapy with sodium benzoate and NMDA (The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) receptor site antagonists (dextromethorphan, ketamine) but uncertainty about effectiveness.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 35683414 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2063 | SMARCD2 |
Lilian Downie gene: SMARCD2 was added gene: SMARCD2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMARCD2 were set to PubMed: 28369036, 33279574, 33025377 Phenotypes for gene: SMARCD2 were set to Specific granule deficiency 2 MIM#617475 Review for gene: SMARCD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: recurrent infections due to defective neutrophil development. Bone marrow findings include paucity of neutrophil granulocytes, absence of granule proteins in neutrophils, abnormal megakaryocytes, and features of progressive myelofibrosis with blasts. The disorder is apparent from infancy, and patients may die in early childhood unless they undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Most patients have additional findings, including delayed development, mild dysmorphic features, tooth abnormalities, and distal skeletal defects Rx bone marrow transplant Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1982 | TPK1 |
Lilian Downie gene: TPK1 was added gene: TPK1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TPK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TPK1 were set to PMID: 33086386, 32679198, 22152682, PMID: 33231275 Phenotypes for gene: TPK1 were set to Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (episodic encephalopathy type) MIM#614458 Review for gene: TPK1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Strong gene disease association Variable age of onset but always under 5years Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome-5 (THMD5) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to an inborn error of thiamine metabolism. The phenotype is highly variable, but in general, affected individuals have onset in early childhood of acute encephalopathic episodes associated with increased serum and CSF lactate. These episodes result in progressive neurologic dysfunction manifest as gait disturbances, ataxia, dystonia, and spasticity, which in some cases may result in loss of ability to walk. Cognitive function is usually preserved, although mildly delayed development has been reported. These episodes are usually associated with infection and metabolic decompensation. Some patients may have recovery of some neurologic deficits (Mayr et al., 2011). Biotin and thiamine therapy - newer evidence (2021) suggests early thiamine therapy may prevent any neurologic deficits. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1982 | TRPM6 |
Lilian Downie gene: TRPM6 was added gene: TRPM6 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPM6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRPM6 were set to PMID: 35903165, PMID: 18818955 Phenotypes for gene: TRPM6 were set to Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal MIM#602014 Review for gene: TRPM6 was set to GREEN Added comment: Hypomagnaesemia and hypocalcaemia Hypocalcemia is a secondary consequence of parathyroid failure and parathyroid hormone resistance as a result of severe magnesium deficiency. The disease typically manifests during the first months of life with generalized convulsions or signs of increased neuromuscular excitability, such as muscle spasms or tetany. Untreated, the disease may be fatal or lead to severe neurologic damage. Treatment includes immediate administration of magnesium, usually intravenously, followed by life-long high-dose oral magnesium (review by Knoers, 2009). Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1965 | GHRHR |
Zornitza Stark gene: GHRHR was added gene: GHRHR was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GHRHR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GHRHR were set to 8528260; 10084571; 11232012 Phenotypes for gene: GHRHR were set to Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IV, MIM# 618157 Review for gene: GHRHR was set to GREEN Added comment: IGHD type IV is characterized by early and severe growth failure (height SDS up to -7.4), a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to different provocation tests and low insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations, and a good response to growth hormone treatment. At least three unrelated families reported. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: growth hormone stimulation test Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1865 | TANGO2 |
Ari Horton changed review comment from: Folate may assist with TANGO2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778084/v1 While chronic symptoms are predominantly neurodevelopmental, metabolic stressors such as fasting, dehydration, illness, and excessive heat can trigger episodic metabolic crises characterized by encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and hypoglycemia. During these events, patients can develop acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias typically initiate with isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVC) followed by recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Because these lethal arrhythmias usually do not respond to standard antiarrhythmic therapies, cardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death in TDD Fasting and feeding recommendations to reduce crises and improve cardiac status and neurodev outcomes, reduce risk of cardiac arrhythmias and SCDY Natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05374616) strongly suggests that subjects on a multivitamin or a Bcomplex vitamin supplement have a greatly reduced risk for metabolic crises and cardiac arrhythmias Specific diet and fasting plans are recommended for all patients from the neonatal period Sources: Expert Review; to: Folate may assist with TANGO2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778084/v1 PMID: 35568137 While chronic symptoms are predominantly neurodevelopmental, metabolic stressors such as fasting, dehydration, illness, and excessive heat can trigger episodic metabolic crises characterized by encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and hypoglycemia. During these events, patients can develop acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias typically initiate with isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVC) followed by recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Because these lethal arrhythmias usually do not respond to standard antiarrhythmic therapies, cardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death in TDD Fasting and feeding recommendations to reduce crises and improve cardiac status and neurodev outcomes, reduce risk of cardiac arrhythmias and SCDY Natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05374616) strongly suggests that subjects on a multivitamin or a Bcomplex vitamin supplement have a greatly reduced risk for metabolic crises and cardiac arrhythmias Twenty-seven children were admitted for 43 cardiac crises (median age 6.4 years; interquartile range [IQR] 2.4–9.8 years) at 14 centers. During crisis, QTc prolongation occurred in all (median 547 ms; IQR 504–600 ms) and a type I Brugada pattern in 8 (26%). Arrhythmias included VT in 21 (78%), supraventricular tachycardia in 3 (11%), and heart block in 1 (4%). Nineteen patients (70%) developed cardiomyopathy, and 20 (74%) experienced a cardiac arrest. There were 10 deaths (37%), 6 related to arrhythmias. In 5 patients, recalcitrant VT occurred despite use of antiarrhythmic drugs. In 6 patients, arrhythmias were controlled after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support; 5 of these patients survived. Among 10 patients who survived VT without ECMO, successful treatment included intravenous magnesium, isoproterenol, and atrial pacing in multiple cases and verapamil in 1 patient. Initiation of feeds seemed to decrease VT events. Specific diet and fasting plans are recommended for all patients from the neonatal period Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1865 | TANGO2 |
Ari Horton gene: TANGO2 was added gene: TANGO2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: TANGO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TANGO2 were set to Cardiomyopathy; Metabolic Crises; Arrhythmia; Neurodevelopmental Penetrance for gene: TANGO2 were set to Complete Review for gene: TANGO2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Folate may assist with TANGO2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778084/v1 While chronic symptoms are predominantly neurodevelopmental, metabolic stressors such as fasting, dehydration, illness, and excessive heat can trigger episodic metabolic crises characterized by encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and hypoglycemia. During these events, patients can develop acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias typically initiate with isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVC) followed by recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Because these lethal arrhythmias usually do not respond to standard antiarrhythmic therapies, cardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death in TDD Fasting and feeding recommendations to reduce crises and improve cardiac status and neurodev outcomes, reduce risk of cardiac arrhythmias and SCDY Natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05374616) strongly suggests that subjects on a multivitamin or a Bcomplex vitamin supplement have a greatly reduced risk for metabolic crises and cardiac arrhythmias Specific diet and fasting plans are recommended for all patients from the neonatal period Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1859 | F8 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Variable severity. Treatment: recombinant factor VIII. Gene therapy trial. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: factor VIII levels. Note: excluded from other screening tests due to concerns regarding ability to detect the intron 22 inversion (Inv22) mutation of F8 which causes about 45% of severe HA cases. For review.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Variable severity. Treatment: recombinant factor VIII. Gene therapy trial. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: factor VIII levels. Note: excluded from other screening tests due to concerns regarding ability to detect the intron 22 inversion (Inv22) mutation of F8 which causes about 45% of severe HA cases. Intron 1 inversion also common. Excluded for now until we can confirm we can detect inversion. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1815 | DNAJC12 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DNAJC12 was added gene: DNAJC12 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: DNAJC12. Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC12 were set to Hyperphenylalaninemia, mild, non-BH4-deficient, MIM#617384 Review for gene: DNAJC12 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Manifests as mild hyperphenylalaninaemia that would be detected on NBS – untreated results in axial hypotonia, dystonia, nystagmus, global developmental delay, and intellectual disability. From Treatable-ID, level 4 evidence that BH4, L-dopa + carbidopa +/-, 5- hydroxytryptophan improves psychomotor/cognitive development/IQ; prevents, halts, or slows clinical deterioration and improves neurological manifestations. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1772 | RUNX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RUNX1 was added gene: RUNX1 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, treatable, haematological tags were added to gene: RUNX1. Mode of inheritance for gene: RUNX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: RUNX1 were set to Platelet disorder, familial, with associated myeloid malignancy, MIM# 601399 Review for gene: RUNX1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Assessed as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. HTHCPS is characterized by mild to moderate thrombocytopenia with normal platelet size, abnormal platelet functioning (defective release of delta granules and/or aggregation defects), and an increased risk of developing a haematologic malignancy. Age of onset of bleeding can be highly variable, with some individuals presenting in early infancy and others not recognizing their symptoms until much later in life. Severe thrombocytopenia or profound platelet dysfunction can result in recognition during the perinatal or infancy period. Hematologic malignancies can occur in childhood or adulthood; the range of age of onset is wide with a median age of 33 years. Use of clotting promotors (e.g., desmopressin, epsilon aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid) can be used for surgeries, injuries, or dental treatments. Platelet transfusions may be used for severe bleeding or procedures with a high bleeding risk. Though there is no specific treatment for HTHCPS, there are recommendations regarding the indications and timing of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that vary. HSCT in pre-malignancy patients, particularly in the absence of any clonal progression, is debatable due to transplantation-associated risks and incomplete penetrance. Some suggested indications for HSCT include severe or symptomatic cytopenias, severe marrow dysplasia (particularly in the context of falling blood counts), complex or high-risk (e.g., monosomy 7) cytogenetic abnormalities (particularly if the clones are large or increasing in size) and increasing blasts >5%. Consider use of a medical alert bracelet for thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, or hematologic malignancy as indicated. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1770 | DICER1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DICER1 was added gene: DICER1 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen Mode of inheritance for gene: DICER1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DICER1 were set to DICER1 syndrome, MONDO:0017288 Penetrance for gene: DICER1 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: DICER1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Rated as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. A multiple registry study examining neoplasm incidence in a cohort containing 102 non-probands with DICER1 pathogenic variants (3,344 person-years of observation in non-probands) found that by age 10 years, 5.3% (95% CI, 0.6% to 9.7%) of non-probands had developed a neoplasm (females, 4.0%; males, 6.6%). By age 50 years, 19.3% (95% CI, 8.4% to 29.0%) of non-probands had developed a neoplasm (females, 26.5%; males, 10.2%). Most individuals with pathogenic variants in DICER1 are healthy or have only minor DICER1-associaited conditions. The most severe manifestations tend to present in early childhood with adulthood characterized by good health. The majority of tumors in individuals with DICER1 pathogenic variants occur in individuals younger than 40. Many of these tumors typically only occur in childhood, including: PPB (before age 7), CN (before age 4), CBME typically occurs in young children, pituitary blastoma (before age 2), and childhood pineoblastoma (only one has been reported associated with a DICER1 mutation). Surveillance recommendations: In order to detect pulmonary cysts or PPB (one of the most important causes of DICER1-associated morbidity and mortality), chest x-rays are recommended every 6 months from birth to through age 7 years and then annually from 8-12 years. A chest computed tomography (CT) (with efforts to minimize radiation) should be obtained by 9 months of age, preferably between 3 and 6 months of age and repeated at approximately 2.5 years of age. Abdominal ultrasound is recommended for the detection in infancy or at the time of the first chest CT then every 6-12 months until at least 8 years of age. Annual ultrasound may be considered until 12 years of age. Beginning at ages 8-10 females should receive pelvic ultrasound performed in conjunction with abdominal ultrasound (every 6-12 months) until at least age 40 or as needed for signs and symptoms. Individuals should undergo thyroid ultrasound with assessment for regional adenopathy every 2 to 3 years starting at age 8 or as needed for signs and symptoms. An annual routine dilated ophthalmologic exam with visual acuity screening is recommended from age 3 to at least age 10 for detection of CBME. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1753 | OAT |
Zornitza Stark gene: OAT was added gene: OAT was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: OAT. Mode of inheritance for gene: OAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: OAT were set to Gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina with or without ornithinemia MIM#258870 Review for gene: OAT was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. GA due to deficiency of the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is characterized by a triad of progressive chorioretinal degeneration, early cataract formation, and type II muscle fiber atrophy. GA first presents as night blindness and constriction of the visual field caused by sharply demarcated circular areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the periphery. Atrophic areas progressively increase, coalesce, and spread towards the macula leading to central visual loss and blindness (vision less than 20/200). Age at diagnosis ranges from 1 month to 44 years. The condition is characterized by the development of chorioretinal atrophic patches that start in the mid-peripheral retina in the first decade of life. Myopia, night blindness, changes in the macula (including cystic changes), and visual field affection usually start in the first or second decade. Most patients with GA have posterior subcapsular cataracts by the end of the second decade. Irreversible loss of vision and blindness generally occurs between 40 and 55 years of age but is highly variable. Treatment of GA consists mainly of dietary modifications to help lower elevated systemic ornithine levels. Restriction of dietary arginine, a precursor of ornithine, appears to have therapeutic value. Pediatric patients undergoing arginine restriction should receive enough calories in their diet supplemented by essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to avoid malnutrition and excessive break down of endogenous proteins. A long-term observational study of 27 patients with GA, 17 who complied with the arginine-restricted diet and 10 who were noncompliant, found that at 14 years follow-up the rates of vision loss were significantly slower in the compliant group for 3 of the 4 outcome measures, when adjusted for age. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1710 | ABCC8 |
David Amor commented on gene: ABCC8: Gene-disease association: strong. Note sporadic cases of Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiawith focal adenomatous hyperplasia due to paternally inherited variants focal loss of maternal allele. ABCC8 associated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus typically due to GoF missense variants. Fathers are at increased risk of T2DM also. Severity: severe Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: yes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: glucose, insulin, free fatty acid levels For neonatal diabetes: glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1C, insulin level, glucose level Treatment: as per rx-genes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus For neonatal diabetes: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1710 | ABCC8 |
David Amor commented on gene: ABCC8: Gene-disease association: strong. Note sporadic cases of Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiawith focal adenomatous hyperplasia due to paternally inherited variants focal loss of maternal allele. ABCC8 associated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus typically due to GoF missense variants. Fathers are at increased risk of T2DM also. Severity: severe Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: yes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: glucose, insulin, free fatty acid levels For neonatal diabetes: glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1C, insulin level, glucose level Treatment: as per rx-genes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus For neonatal diabetes: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1710 | ABCC8 |
David Amor changed review comment from: Gene-disease association: strong. Note sporadic cases of Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiawith focal adenomatous hyperplasia due to paternally inherited variants focal loss of maternal allele. ABCC8 associated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus typically due to GoF missense variants. Fathers are at increased risk of T2DM also. Severity: severe Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: yes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: glucose, insulin, free fatty acid levels For neonatal diabetes: glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1C, insulin level, glucose level Treatment: as per rx-genes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus For neonatal diabetes: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes ; to: Gene-disease association: strong. Note sporadic cases of Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiawith focal adenomatous hyperplasia due to paternally inherited variants focal loss of maternal allele. ABCC8 associated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus typically due to GoF missense variants. Fathers are at increased risk of T2DM also. Severity: severe Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: yes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: glucose, insulin, free fatty acid levels For neonatal diabetes: glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1C, insulin level, glucose level Treatment: as per rx-genes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus For neonatal diabetes: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1710 | ABCC8 |
David Amor changed review comment from: Gene-disease association: strong. Note sporadic cases with focal adenomatous hyperplasia due to paternally inherited variants focal loss of maternal allele Severity: severe Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: yes, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid levels Treatment: as per rx-genes, Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus; to: Gene-disease association: strong. Note sporadic cases of Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiawith focal adenomatous hyperplasia due to paternally inherited variants focal loss of maternal allele. ABCC8 associated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus typically due to GoF missense variants. Fathers are at increased risk of T2DM also. Severity: severe Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: yes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: glucose, insulin, free fatty acid levels For neonatal diabetes: glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1C, insulin level, glucose level Treatment: as per rx-genes For hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus For neonatal diabetes: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1708 | KCNJ11 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association with hyperinsulinism is well established. Onset is congenital. Treatment: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus Association with neonatal diabetes is also well established. Treatment: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes. Phenotypes are expected to be distinguishable clinically.; to: Association with hyperinsulinism is well established, mono-allelic variants. Onset is congenital. Treatment: Diazoxide, somatostatin analogs, nifedipine, glucagon, IGF-1, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, pancreatic resection, mTOR inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor antagonists, sirolimus Association with neonatal diabetes is also well established, bi-allelic variants. Treatment: Insulin, glibenclamide, oral pancreatic enzymes. Phenotypes are expected to be distinguishable clinically. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1621 | PRF1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Treatment: Emapalumab, bone marrow transplant; to: Well established gene-disease association. Onset is generally in infancy or early childhood. Treatment: Emapalumab, bone marrow transplant. Non-genetic confirmatory tests: natural killer cell activity, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1564 | PKD2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Onset of renal failure is generally in adulthood, though cysts are apparent earlier. Treatment: Tolvaptan; to: Well established gene-disease association. Onset of renal failure is generally in late adulthood, though cysts are apparent earlier. Treatment: Tolvaptan |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1519 | STS | Seb Lunke Marked gene: STS as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1519 | STS | Seb Lunke Gene: sts has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1519 | STS | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: STS were changed from Ichthyosis, X-linked to Ichthyosis, X-linked, MIM# 308100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1518 | STS | Seb Lunke Classified gene: STS as Red List (low evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1518 | STS | Seb Lunke Gene: sts has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1517 | STS | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: STS: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Ichthyosis, X-linked, MIM# 308100; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1118 | GCM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GCM2 was added gene: GCM2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: GCM2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GCM2 were set to 27745835; 20190276; 34967908; 35038313 Phenotypes for gene: GCM2 were set to Hyperparathyroidism 4, OMIM #617343; Hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated 2, OMIM #618883 Review for gene: GCM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Well established association. GoF for AD hyperparathyroidism, and LoF for AR hypoparathyroidism. Variable age of onset. Treatment for hypoPTH: calcium carbonate, calcitriol. HyperPTH: surgery? Non-genetic confirmatory tests: calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1007 | FLCN |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Typically manifests in adulthood, therefore predictive testing usually offered in adolescence with surveillance thereafter. For review.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Typically manifests in adulthood, therefore predictive testing usually offered in adolescence with surveillance thereafter. Renal cancer age of onset ~50 years. For review. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.950 | GLDC |
John Christodoulou changed review comment from: causes nonketotic hyperglycaemia classical form presents in the neonatal period and treatments (eg sodium benzoate and NDMA receptor antagonists) do not alter the neurological trajectory milder forms of the disorder (later onset, but still in early childhood), may show response to therapy (PMID: 21411353); potentially aided by phenotype-genotype correlations (PMID: 32421718); to: causes nonketotic hyperglycaemia classical form presents in the neonatal period and treatments (eg sodium benzoate and NDMA receptor antagonists) do not alter the neurological trajectory milder forms of the disorder (later onset, but still in early childhood), may show response to therapy (PMID: 21411353); potentially aided by phenotype-genotype correlations (PMID: 32421718) |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.791 | CTC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTC1 were changed from Coats plus syndrome to Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts, MIM# 612199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.789 | CTC1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CTC1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts, MIM# 612199; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.664 | ETFB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis; to: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis Predominantly neonatal onset. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.585 | CBS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen. Note excluded from reproductive carrier screening tests due to poor mappability, for review.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen. Note excluded from reproductive carrier screening tests due to poor mappability: downgraded to Amber for now. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.344 | MLC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MLC1 were changed from Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy to Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts OMIM#604004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.342 | MLC1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MLC1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts OMIM#604004; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 | ETFA |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis; to: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate (PMID 31904027) Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.270 | MLC1 | David Amor reviewed gene: MLC1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts-1 (MLC1); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.270 | CBS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen. Note excluded from reproductive carrier screening tests due to poor mappability, for review. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.63 | AGRN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGRN were changed from Myasthenia, limb-girdle, familial, MIM#615120 to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 8, with pre- and postsynaptic defects, MIM# 615120 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.62 | AGRN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AGRN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 8, with pre- and postsynaptic defects, MIM# 615120; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | HNF1B |
Zornitza Stark gene: HNF1B was added gene: HNF1B was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: HNF1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: HNF1B were set to Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | STS |
Zornitza Stark gene: STS was added gene: STS was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: STS was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: STS were set to Ichthyosis, X-linked |
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