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BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.1 OAT Zornitza Stark Tag for review was removed from gene: OAT.
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2158 AMT Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AMT: Added comment: Severe infantile forms: treatment does not currently alter outcomes.

Attenuated forms can have onset in childhood, therapy with sodium benzoate and NMDA (The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) receptor site antagonists (dextromethorphan, ketamine) but uncertainty about effectiveness.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 35683414
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1754 OAT Zornitza Stark Marked gene: OAT as ready
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1754 OAT Zornitza Stark Gene: oat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1754 OAT Zornitza Stark Classified gene: OAT as Green List (high evidence)
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1754 OAT Zornitza Stark Gene: oat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1753 OAT Zornitza Stark gene: OAT was added
gene: OAT was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen
for review, treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: OAT.
Mode of inheritance for gene: OAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: OAT were set to Gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina with or without ornithinemia MIM#258870
Review for gene: OAT was set to GREEN
Added comment: Rated as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen.

GA due to deficiency of the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is characterized by a triad of progressive chorioretinal degeneration, early cataract formation, and type II muscle fiber atrophy. GA first presents as night blindness and constriction of the visual field caused by sharply demarcated circular areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the periphery. Atrophic areas progressively increase, coalesce, and spread towards the macula leading to central visual loss and blindness (vision less than 20/200).

Age at diagnosis ranges from 1 month to 44 years. The condition is characterized by the development of chorioretinal atrophic patches that start in the mid-peripheral retina in the first decade of life. Myopia, night blindness, changes in the macula (including cystic changes), and visual field affection usually start in the first or second decade. Most patients with GA have posterior subcapsular cataracts by the end of the second decade. Irreversible loss of vision and blindness generally occurs between 40 and 55 years of age but is highly variable.

Treatment of GA consists mainly of dietary modifications to help lower elevated systemic ornithine levels. Restriction of dietary arginine, a precursor of ornithine, appears to have therapeutic value. Pediatric patients undergoing arginine restriction should receive enough calories in their diet supplemented by essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to avoid malnutrition and excessive break down of endogenous proteins.

A long-term observational study of 27 patients with GA, 17 who complied with the arginine-restricted diet and 10 who were noncompliant, found that at 14 years follow-up the rates of vision loss were significantly slower in the compliant group for 3 of the 4 outcome measures, when adjusted for age.
Sources: ClinGen
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1507 SRCAP Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SRCAP were changed from Floating-Harbor syndrome to Floating-Harbor syndrome MIM#136140; Developmental delay, hypotonia, musculoskeletal defects, and behavioral abnormalities, MIM# 619595
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1505 SRCAP Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SRCAP: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Floating-Harbor syndrome MIM#136140, Developmental delay, hypotonia, musculoskeletal defects, and behavioral abnormalities, MIM# 619595; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1359 SLC7A7 Seb Lunke edited their review of gene: SLC7A7: Added comment: Established gene-disease association.

Childhood onset, multi-system disorder

Treatment: protein restriction, carnitine, citrulline, lysine supplementation, sodium benzoate

Non-genetic confirmatory test: 24-hour urinary excretion of cationic amino acids; Changed publications: 20301535
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1272 HSD17B10 John Christodoulou reviewed gene: HSD17B10: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 22127393; Phenotypes: cardiomyopathy, early-onset intractable seizures, progressive choreoathetosis, spastic tetraplegia, optic atrophy, retinal degeneration, intellectual disability; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1272 HPRT1 John Christodoulou reviewed gene: HPRT1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 18067674; Phenotypes: kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, gout, dystonia, choreoathetosis, ballismus, cognitive impairment, self-injurious behaviour, megaloblastic anaemia; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1257 SLC5A6 Seb Lunke gene: SLC5A6 was added
gene: SLC5A6 was added to gNBS. Sources: Literature
for review tags were added to gene: SLC5A6.
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC5A6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Review for gene: SLC5A6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Established gene-disease association.

Childhood onset, multisystemic metabolic disorder with highly variable manifestations

Treatment: biotin, pantothenic acid, lipoate

Non-genetic confirmatory test: no
Sources: Literature
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.950 GLDC John Christodoulou changed review comment from: causes nonketotic hyperglycaemia

classical form presents in the neonatal period and treatments (eg sodium benzoate and NDMA receptor antagonists) do not alter the neurological trajectory

milder forms of the disorder (later onset, but still in early childhood), may show response to therapy (PMID: 21411353); potentially aided by phenotype-genotype correlations (PMID: 32421718); to: causes nonketotic hyperglycaemia

classical form presents in the neonatal period and treatments (eg sodium benzoate and NDMA receptor antagonists) do not alter the neurological trajectory

milder forms of the disorder (later onset, but still in early childhood), may show response to therapy (PMID: 21411353); potentially aided by phenotype-genotype correlations (PMID: 32421718)
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.791 CTC1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTC1 were changed from Coats plus syndrome to Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts, MIM# 612199
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.523 DDC John Christodoulou reviewed gene: DDC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: hypotonia, oculogyric crises, temperature instability, ID, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbance, choreoathetosis; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.443 NKX2-1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NKX2-1 were changed from Choreoathetosis, hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress to Choreoathetosis, hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress MIM#610978
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.442 NKX2-1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NKX2-1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Choreoathetosis, hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress MIM#610978; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 NKX2-1 David Amor reviewed gene: NKX2-1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Choreoathetosis and congenital hypothyroidism with or without pulmonary dysfunction, NKX2-1-Related Disorders; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 CACNA1D Zornitza Stark Source Expert Review Red was added to CACNA1D.
Source BabySeq Category C gene was added to CACNA1D.
Mode of inheritance for gene CACNA1D was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Added phenotypes Sinoatrial node dysfunction and deafness for gene: CACNA1D
Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Red List (low evidence)
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 SRCAP Zornitza Stark gene: SRCAP was added
gene: SRCAP was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: SRCAP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: SRCAP were set to Floating-Harbor syndrome
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 NKX2-1 Zornitza Stark gene: NKX2-1 was added
gene: NKX2-1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: NKX2-1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: NKX2-1 were set to Choreoathetosis, hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress
BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 CTC1 Zornitza Stark gene: CTC1 was added
gene: CTC1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: CTC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CTC1 were set to Coats plus syndrome