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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.115 | THAP11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THAP11 were changed from Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related to Methylmalonic aciduria, cblC type-like, MIM# 620940; Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.114 | THAP11 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: THAP11: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Methylmalonic aciduria, cblC type-like, MIM# 620940, Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.110 | ELANE |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: ELANE: ClinGen: there is little evidence for haploinsufficiency. gnomAD pLI score is zero and there are NMD predicted variants in the population. Entire gene deletion is not described in the context of neutropenia, including deletion of 19p terminal (encompassing ELANE) (PMID: 33968054). Maturation arrest, the failure of the marrow myeloid progenitors to form mature neutrophils, is a consistent feature of ELANE associated congenital neutropenia. Knock-out of the mutant allele in hematopoietic stem cells derived from SCN patients restores neutrophils maturation (PMID: 3124897). |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.103 | TRIM28 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRIM28 was added gene: TRIM28 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM28 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TRIM28 were set to 30694527 Phenotypes for gene: TRIM28 were set to Wilms tumour, MONDO:0006058, TRIM28-related Review for gene: TRIM28 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association, more than 10 individuals reported. Onset in childhood. Included for completeness as managed similarly to WT1. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.75 | LAT | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: LAT as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.75 | LAT | Zornitza Stark Gene: lat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.75 | LAT | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: LAT as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.75 | LAT | Zornitza Stark Gene: lat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.74 | LAT |
Zornitza Stark gene: LAT was added gene: LAT was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: LAT. Mode of inheritance for gene: LAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: LAT were set to Immunodeficiency 52, MIM# 617514 Review for gene: LAT was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. SCID-like presentation. Treatment: BMT Non-genetic confirmatory testing: yes Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.72 | KLHL3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL3 was added gene: KLHL3 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: KLHL3. Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: KLHL3 were set to Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IID, MIM# 614495 Review for gene: KLHL3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene disease association. Results in hyperkalaemia and later, the development of hypertension. Treatment: thiazide diuretics normalise electrolytes Non-genetic confirmatory testing: electrolytes Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.66 | IL10 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IL10 was added gene: IL10 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: IL10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IL10 were set to 22236434; 20951137; 19890111 Phenotypes for gene: IL10 were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, IL10-related Review for gene: IL10 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Onset in infancy and childhood. Treatment: BMT Non-genetic confirmatory testing: flow cytometry Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.62 | GALNT3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GALNT3 was added gene: GALNT3 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: GALNT3. Mode of inheritance for gene: GALNT3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: GALNT3 were set to Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 1, MIM# 211900 Review for gene: GALNT3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Onset in infancy/childhood. Treatment: dietary restriction, phosphate binders, acetazolamide Non-genetic confirmatory testing: serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D serum levels, urine calcium, phosphate levels, plasma levels of the C-terminal portion of the phosphate-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.50 | CUL3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CUL3 was added gene: CUL3 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: CUL3. Mode of inheritance for gene: CUL3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CUL3 were set to Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IIE 614496 Review for gene: CUL3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Variants in this gene also cause a neurodevelopmental disorder; however, there is some genotype-phenotype correlation literature to help distinguish the two. Results in hyperkalaemia and development of hypertension. However, the onset of hypertension is generally later in life. Treatment: thiazide diuretics normalise biochemical abnormalities Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.31 | C2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: C2 was added gene: C2 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: C2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C2 were set to 31421540 Phenotypes for gene: C2 were set to C2 deficiency, MIM# 217000 Review for gene: C2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Can present with severe early infections in infancy/childhood. Later manifestations include autoimmune phenomena. Treatment: pneumococcal, meningococcal, haemophilus influenzae vaccines Non-genetic confirmatory tests: complement levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.30 | APOA5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: APOA5 was added gene: APOA5 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable tags were added to gene: APOA5. Mode of inheritance for gene: APOA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: APOA5 were set to 23307945; 31390500 Phenotypes for gene: APOA5 were set to Hyperchylomicronaemia, late-onset, MIM# 144650 Review for gene: APOA5 was set to RED Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Variable age of onset, many of the reported individuals are adults. Treatment: Volanesorsen Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.28 | AP3D1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AP3D1 was added gene: AP3D1 was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, haematological tags were added to gene: AP3D1. Mode of inheritance for gene: AP3D1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AP3D1 were set to 26744459; 9697856; 30472485; 36445457 Phenotypes for gene: AP3D1 were set to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 10, MIM# 617050 Review for gene: AP3D1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four individuals from two unrelated families and a mouse model. Borderline gene-disease association. New case report 36445457, proband presenting with SNHL and questionable other subtle features of HPS, homozygous missense variant (VOUS). Onset in infancy. Treatable: BMT for immunodeficiency. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.24 | ATRX | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ATRX: Changed phenotypes: ATR-X-related syndrome MONDO:0016980 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.24 | ATRX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATRX were changed from Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, MIM# 301040; Intellectual disability-hypotonic facies syndrome, X-linked, MIM# 309580 to ATR-X-related syndrome MONDO:0016980 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.23 | TRAC |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRAC was added gene: TRAC was added to BabyScreen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review founder, technically challenging tags were added to gene: TRAC. Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRAC were set to 21206088 Phenotypes for gene: TRAC were set to Immunodeficiency 7, TCR-alpha/beta deficient, MIM#615387 Review for gene: TRAC was set to RED Added comment: Single variant reported to date in 6 patients; 2 unrelated children from consanguineous families of Pakistani descent (PMID: 21206088); 1 non-consanguineous family from North-west India (PMID: 33909184) and 1 consanguineous parents of East Indian (https://lymphosign.com/doi/10.14785/lymphosign-2022-0001) Also note annotation issues in certain variant curation and annotation tools. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.14 | KCNA5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNA5 were changed from Atrial fibrillation to Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7, MIM# 612240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.12 | KCNA5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KCNA5: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7, MIM# 612240; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.4 | PHOX2B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PHOX2B were changed from Central hypoventilation syndrome to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 1, with or without Hirschsprung disease, MIM# 209880 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.2 | PHOX2B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PHOX2B: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 1, with or without Hirschsprung disease, MIM# 209880; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v1.1 | DLAT |
Zornitza Stark Tag treatable tag was added to gene: DLAT. Tag metabolic tag was added to gene: DLAT. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2173 | DLAT | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: DLAT as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2173 | DLAT | Zornitza Stark Gene: dlat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2173 | DLAT | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: DLAT as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2173 | DLAT | Zornitza Stark Gene: dlat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2172 | DLAT |
Zornitza Stark gene: DLAT was added gene: DLAT was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: DLAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DLAT were set to Pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency, MIM# 245348 Review for gene: DLAT was set to GREEN Added comment: Well established gene-disease association. Clinical presentation is in infancy. Treatment: ketogenic diet has a significant impact on outcome; some cases responsive to thiamine Non-genetic confirmatory testing: enzymology Included for consistency with PDHA1/PDHX Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2161 | NLRP3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NLRP3 was added gene: NLRP3 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: NLRP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NLRP3 were set to 25038238 Phenotypes for gene: NLRP3 were set to Familial cold inflammatory syndrome 1, MIM#120100 Muckle-Wells syndrome, MIM#191900 CINCA syndrome, MIM#607115 Deafness, autosomal dominant 34, with or without inflammation, MIM#617772 Keratoendothelitis fugax hereditaria, MIM#148200 Review for gene: NLRP3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Established gene-disease associations. Variants in this gene cause a spectrum of clinical phenotypes, ranging from onset in infancy to adult-onset, with variable severity. Genotype-phenotype correlation is unclear, hence not suitable for inclusion at this time. Treatment: corticosteroids, anakinra, rilonacept and canakinumab. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: no. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2153 | CYP27A1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CYP27A1: Added comment: Average age of onset is in late childhood, but a proportion would have onset < 5yo and early treatment beneficial.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 24442603 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2148 | GPR161 |
Lilian Downie gene: GPR161 was added gene: GPR161 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GPR161 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GPR161 were set to PMID: 31609649 Phenotypes for gene: GPR161 were set to Medulloblastoma predisposition syndrome MIM#155255 Penetrance for gene: GPR161 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: GPR161 was set to RED Added comment: Increased risk of medulloblastoma at <3yrs Also identified in population and healthy parents Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2140 | MYH7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MYH7 were changed from Laing early-onset distal myopathy, MONDO:0008050; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 1, OMIM:192600; Dilated cardiomyopathy 1S, MONDO:0013262; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, MONDO:0008647; Laing distal myopathy, OMIM:160500; Left ventricular noncompaction 5, OMIM:613426; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1S, OMIM:613426 to Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 1, MIM# 192600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2137 | KCNJ2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ2 were changed from Andersen syndrome MIM#170390; Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9 MIM#613980; Short QT syndrome 3 MIM#609622 to Andersen syndrome MIM#170390 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2134 | TRDN |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance.; to: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. Reviewed with paediatric cardiologist: variable penetrance and age of onset, does not fulfil criteria for gNBS. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2133 | TECRL |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen; to: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. Reviewed with a paediatric cardiologist: variable penetrance and age of onset, does not fulfil criteria for gNBS. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2132 | SCN5A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: These two associations have been rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Note LongQT generally has symptom onset in adolescence and Brugada typically presents in adulthood. For review: age of onset and penetrance.; to: These two associations have been rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Note LongQT generally has symptom onset in adolescence and Brugada typically presents in adulthood. Reviewed with paediatric cardiologist: generally later age of onset, does not fulfil criteria for gNBS. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2131 | PRKG1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 31 individuals with PRKG1 pathogenic variants indicated that 63% presented with an aortic dissection and 37% had aortic root enlargement. The cumulative risk of an aortic dissection or repair of an aortic aneurysm by age 55 has been estimated as 86% (95% CI: 70-95%). Sources: ClinGen; to: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 31 individuals with PRKG1 pathogenic variants indicated that 63% presented with an aortic dissection and 37% had aortic root enlargement. The cumulative risk of an aortic dissection or repair of an aortic aneurysm by age 55 has been estimated as 86% (95% CI: 70-95%). Discussed with a paediatric cardiologist: variable penetrance and age of onset, does not fulfil criteria for gNBS. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2130 | MYH11 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 12 individuals with MYH11 pathogenic variants indicated that 34% had an aortic dissection and one individual (8%) underwent prophylactic aortic aneurysm repair.; to: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 12 individuals with MYH11 pathogenic variants indicated that 34% had an aortic dissection and one individual (8%) underwent prophylactic aortic aneurysm repair. Reviewed with a paediatric cardiologist: variable penetrance and age of onset, does not meet criteria for gNBS. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2129 | LOX |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 15 individuals with LOX pathogenic variants indicated that 73% had aortic aneurysms and 1 individual (7%) had an aortic dissection. Sources: ClinGen; to: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 15 individuals with LOX pathogenic variants indicated that 73% had aortic aneurysms and 1 individual (7%) had an aortic dissection. Discussed with paediatric cardiologist: variable penetrance and age of onset, does not fit with criteria for gNBS. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2126 | CASQ2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. ClinGen: 'strong actionability' both for adult and paediatric patients. Treatment: beta blockers first line; ICD. There are also numerous known arrhythmia triggers which can be avoided. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. ; to: Well established gene-disease association. ClinGen: 'strong actionability' both for adult and paediatric patients. Treatment: beta blockers first line; ICD. There are also numerous known arrhythmia triggers which can be avoided. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Reviewed with paediatric cardiologist: variable penetrance and age of onset. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2124 | CALM3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen; to: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. Exclude for CPVT: association has moderate evidence, there are issues with penetrance, and treatment is generally only recommended in symptomatic individuals. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2123 | CALM2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen; to: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. Reviewed with paediatric cardiologist: not for inclusion due to issues with penetrance, plus guidelines only generally recommend treatment is symptomatic individuals. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2123 | CALM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen; to: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. Reviewed with paediatric cardiologist: not for inclusion due to issues with penetrance, plus guidelines only generally recommend treatment is symptomatic individuals. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2118 | TUBB1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TUBB1 was added gene: TUBB1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TUBB1 were set to 30446499 Phenotypes for gene: TUBB1 were set to Congenital hypothyroidism, MONDO:0018612, TUBB1-related; Macrothrombocytopenia, autosomal dominant, TUBB1-related, OMIM # 613112 Review for gene: TUBB1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 3 families reported with congenital hypothyroidism associated with TUBB1 variants. Platelet abnormalities reported. Treatment: thyroxine. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: TFTs, blood film. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2116 | SLC26A7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC26A7 was added gene: SLC26A7 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: SLC26A7. Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC26A7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC26A7 were set to 34780050; 32486989; 31372509; 30333321 Phenotypes for gene: SLC26A7 were set to Congenital hypothyroidism, MONDO:0018612, SLC26A7-related Review for gene: SLC26A7 was set to GREEN Added comment: More than 10 unrelated families reported. Congenital hypothyroidism. Treatment: thyroxine. Should be detected through standard NBS. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2109 | CDCA8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CDCA8 was added gene: CDCA8 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: CDCA8. Mode of inheritance for gene: CDCA8 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CDCA8 were set to 28025328; 29546359 Phenotypes for gene: CDCA8 were set to Congenital hypothyroidism, MONDO:0018612, CDCA8-related Review for gene: CDCA8 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 families (1 with bilallelic variants [parent affected as HTZ], 3 with monoallelic variants) with functional evidence of variants. Treatment: thyroxine Likely to be detected on standard NBS. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2063 | STX16 |
Lilian Downie gene: STX16 was added gene: STX16 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: STX16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, paternally imprinted (maternal allele expressed) Publications for gene: STX16 were set to PMID: 33247854, PMID: 34477200, PMID: 29072892 Phenotypes for gene: STX16 were set to Pseudohypoparathyroidism, type IB MIM#603233 Review for gene: STX16 was set to GREEN Added comment: characterized clinically by isolated renal PTH resistance manifest as hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased serum PTH without other features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy Rx Calcium, calcitriol, levothyroxine, growth hormone Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2063 | SYT2 |
Lilian Downie gene: SYT2 was added gene: SYT2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SYT2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SYT2 were set to PMID: 32250532, 32776697 Phenotypes for gene: SYT2 were set to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 7B, presynaptic, autosomal recessive MIM#619461 Review for gene: SYT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Bi-allelic disease: 32250532 and 32776697, 8 individuals from 6 families, with biallelic loss of function variants in SYT2, clinically manifesting with severe congenital onset hypotonia and weakness, with variable degrees of respiratory involvement. Electrodiagnostic findings consistent with a presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) in some. Treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pursued in 4 indviduals showed clinical improvement with increased strength and function. Only report biallelic for newborn screening ? monoallelic causes a later onset distal weakness/neuropathy phenotype - still childhood but variable or not clear - not consistently <5yrs Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2063 | TBL1X |
Lilian Downie gene: TBL1X was added gene: TBL1X was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TBL1X was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: TBL1X were set to PMID: 27603907 Phenotypes for gene: TBL1X were set to Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 8 MIM#301033 Review for gene: TBL1X was set to GREEN Added comment: Small thyroid gland Detected on newborn screening Can affect carrier females but more mildly Association with deafness Rx thyroxine Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2060 | SAMD9L |
Zornitza Stark gene: SAMD9L was added gene: SAMD9L was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological, haematological tags were added to gene: SAMD9L. Mode of inheritance for gene: SAMD9L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SAMD9L were set to 31306780 Phenotypes for gene: SAMD9L were set to Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome, MIM# 159550 Review for gene: SAMD9L was set to GREEN Added comment: At least three unrelated families reported, some postulate GoF whereas others postulate LoF as mechanism. Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome (ATXPC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, variable hematologic cytopenias, and predisposition to bone marrow failure and myeloid leukemia. The germline genetic defect is associated with somatic loss of chromosome 7 (monosomy 7) resulting in the deletion of several genes on chromosome 7 that may predispose to the development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Treatment: BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: no. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2057 | THAP11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THAP11 were changed from Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblX like 2 to Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2054 | TMEM165 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TMEM165: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIk MIM#614727; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2052 | TMEM165 |
Lilian Downie gene: TMEM165 was added gene: TMEM165 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM165 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM165 were set to PMID: 28323990, PMID: 35693943, PMID: 22683087 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM165 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIk MIM#614727 Review for gene: TMEM165 was set to AMBER Added comment: Affected individuals show psychomotor retardation and growth retardation, and most have short stature. Other features include dysmorphism, hypotonia, eye abnormalities, acquired microcephaly, hepatomegaly, and skeletal dysplasia. Serum transferrin analysis shows a CDG type II pattern Rx D-galactose (single paper, 2 unrelated patients and an in vitro study) ?inadequete evidence for treatment? Might need to check with JC if we would offer it maybe include Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2052 | TNFAIP3 |
Lilian Downie gene: TNFAIP3 was added gene: TNFAIP3 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFAIP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TNFAIP3 were set to PMID: 31587140, PMID: 33101300 Phenotypes for gene: TNFAIP3 were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome, familial, Behcet-like 1 MIM#616744 Review for gene: TNFAIP3 was set to RED Added comment: Average age of onset 5yrs - too variable re age of onset. painful and recurrent mucosal ulceration affecting the oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, and genital areas. The onset of symptoms is usually in the first decade, although later onset has been reported. Additional more variable features include skin rash, uveitis, and polyarthritis, consistent with a systemic hyperinflammatory state. Many patients have evidence of autoimmune disease. Rare patients may also have concurrent features of immunodeficiency, including recurrent infections with low numbers of certain white blood cells or impaired function of immune cells. Treatment: Colchicine, glucocorticoid, mesalazine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, anakinra, rituximab, tocilizumab, infliximab Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2051 | RNPC3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RNPC3 was added gene: RNPC3 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: RNPC3. Mode of inheritance for gene: RNPC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RNPC3 were set to 29866761; 32462814; 33650182 Phenotypes for gene: RNPC3 were set to Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined or isolated, 7, MIM# 618160 Review for gene: RNPC3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with combined and isolated pituitary hormone deficiencies, including GH and TSH. Onset: congenital. Treatment: GH, thyroxine. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: hormone levels. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2046 | RAC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RAC2 was added gene: RAC2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: RAC2. Mode of inheritance for gene: RAC2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: RAC2 were set to Immunodeficiency 73B with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopaenia MIM# 618986 Review for gene: RAC2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Immunodeficiency 73B with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopaenia 13 individuals from 8 unrelated families; mono-allelic; gain of function; multiple mouse models Mono-allelic missense variants were reported in each individual (5 x De Novo) and resulted in a gain-of -function. (E62K, P34H, N92T, G12R) These individuals typically presented in infancy with frequent infections, profound leukopaenia, lymphopaenia diarrhoea and hypogammaglobulinaemia. SCID-like phenotype. Treatment: IVIG, BMT Note evidence for the other two immunodeficiency disorders associated with this gene is limited. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2038 | NFKBIA |
Zornitza Stark gene: NFKBIA was added gene: NFKBIA was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: NFKBIA. Mode of inheritance for gene: NFKBIA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: NFKBIA were set to Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 2 MIM# 612132 Review for gene: NFKBIA was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 heterozygous variants were identified in 15 unrelated individuals (de novo in 14 individuals and somatic mosaicism in 1 individual). Functional studies & two mouse models; demonstrate reported NFKBIA gain-of-function variants resulting in impaired NFKB1 activity. The majority of individuals displayed recurrent infections, chronic diarrhoea, agammaglobulinaemia, increased IgM, and defects in teeth (hair, nail, sweat glands). Onset is generally in infancy. Treatment: BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: no Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2037 | NAXE |
Zornitza Stark gene: NAXE was added gene: NAXE was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: NAXE. Mode of inheritance for gene: NAXE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NAXE were set to 27122014; 27616477; 31758406 Phenotypes for gene: NAXE were set to Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with brain oedema and/or leukoencephalopathy, MIM# 617186 Review for gene: NAXE was set to RED Added comment: Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain oedema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1 (PEBEL1) is an autosomal recessive severe neurometabolic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive neurologic deterioration that is usually associated with a febrile illness. Affected infants tend to show normal early development followed by acute psychomotor regression with ataxia, hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and seizures, resulting in coma and death in the first years of life. Brain imaging shows multiple abnormalities, including brain edema and signal abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions. More than 5 unrelated families reported. Treatment: niacin However, single case reported. Treatment not established. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2035 | NAXD |
Zornitza Stark gene: NAXD was added gene: NAXD was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: NAXD. Mode of inheritance for gene: NAXD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NAXD were set to 30576410; 31755961; 32462209; 35231119 Phenotypes for gene: NAXD were set to Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy, 2 MIM#618321 Review for gene: NAXD was set to AMBER Added comment: Seven unrelated cases, episodes of fever/infection prior to deterioration reported. Variable phenotype: one patient reported with neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder and a muscular-dystrophy-like myopathy; another with progressive encephalopathy with brain oedema. Patient cells and muscle biopsies also showed impaired mitochondrial function, higher sensitivity to metabolic stress, and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. In vitro functional assays also conducted. Treatment: niacin However, only two cases reported. Treatment not established. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2032 | MTHFS |
Zornitza Stark gene: MTHFS was added gene: MTHFS was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list metabolic tags were added to gene: MTHFS. Mode of inheritance for gene: MTHFS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MTHFS were set to 30031689; 31844630; 22303332 Phenotypes for gene: MTHFS were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and hypomyelination, 618367 Review for gene: MTHFS was set to RED Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Onset in infancy. Severe disorder. Treatment: single report of some improvement with combination of oral L-5- methyltetrahydrofolate and intramuscular methylcobalamin Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2030 | MTHFD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MTHFD1 was added gene: MTHFD1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological, haematological tags were added to gene: MTHFD1. Mode of inheritance for gene: MTHFD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MTHFD1 were set to 32414565; 19033438 Phenotypes for gene: MTHFD1 were set to Combined immunodeficiency and megaloblastic anemia with or without hyperhomocysteinaemia MIM # 617780 Review for gene: MTHFD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 individuals from 4 unrelated families have been reported; multiple mouse models 7 individuals were Compound heterozygous (nonsense & missense) and 1 was homozygous (missense) for MTHFD1 variants often resulting in alteration of highly conserved residues in binding-sites. Individuals typically present with megaloblastic anaemia, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, hyperhomocysteinaemia, microangiopathy, recurrent infections and autoimmune diseases. Treatment: hydroxocobalamin, folinic acid and betaine Non-genetic confirmatory testing: T and B Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Profile, complete blood count with MCV, plasma homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels, CSF Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2028 | MNX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MNX1 was added gene: MNX1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: MNX1. Mode of inheritance for gene: MNX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MNX1 were set to 36586106 Phenotypes for gene: MNX1 were set to Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0100164, MNX1-related Review for gene: MNX1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Presentation is in newborn period. Treatment: insulin. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1C, insulin level, glucose level Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2026 | MALT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MALT1 was added gene: MALT1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: MALT1. Mode of inheritance for gene: MALT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: MALT1 were set to Immunodeficiency 12 MIM# 615468 Review for gene: MALT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families with immunodeficiency phenotype have reported variants in MALT1; two MALT1-knockout mouse models displaying primary T- and B-cell lymphocyte deficiency. Variants identified were homozygous missense variants resulting in the alteration of highly conserved residue domains. All individuals reported onset in infancy of recurrent bacterial/ fungal/ viral infections leading to bronchiectasis and poor T-cell proliferation. Treatment: prophylactic antibiotics, IVIG, BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: no Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2024 | MAGT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAGT1 was added gene: MAGT1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: MAGT1. Mode of inheritance for gene: MAGT1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: MAGT1 were set to 31036665; 31714901 Phenotypes for gene: MAGT1 were set to Immunodeficiency, X-linked, with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia (MIM# 300853) Review for gene: MAGT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: XMEN is an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency characterized by CD4 lymphopenia, severe chronic viral infections, and defective T-lymphocyte activation. Affected individuals have chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and are susceptible to the development of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Variable age of onset, including in early childhood. Treatment: Mg supplementation; IVIG, BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels, T and B Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Profile, Carbohydrate deficient glycosylation profile Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2013 | ITK |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITK was added gene: ITK was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: ITK. Mode of inheritance for gene: ITK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ITK were set to Lymphoproliferative syndrome 1, MIM# 613011 Review for gene: ITK was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported homozygous (missense/ nonsense) ITK variants consistent with Lymphoproliferative syndrome phenotype. Triggered by EBV infection. Two ITK-deficient mouse models demonstrated reduced T cells (CD4+), causing decreased CD4 to CD8 ratio. Patients displayed early onset of features typically including fever, lymphadenopathy, autoimmune disorders, low immunoglobulins and high EBV viral load. Fatal without BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels, T and B Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Profile. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2012 | IRS4 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-9 (CHNG9) is characterized by a small thyroid gland with low free T4 (FT4) levels and inappropriately normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Five unrelated families reported. Most identified through standard NBS. Sources: Expert list; to: Nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-9 (CHNG9) is characterized by a small thyroid gland with low free T4 (FT4) levels and inappropriately normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Five unrelated families reported. Most identified through standard NBS. Treatment: thyroxine. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2011 | IRS4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IRS4 was added gene: IRS4 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: IRS4. Mode of inheritance for gene: IRS4 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: IRS4 were set to 30061370 Phenotypes for gene: IRS4 were set to Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 9, MIM# 301035 Review for gene: IRS4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-9 (CHNG9) is characterized by a small thyroid gland with low free T4 (FT4) levels and inappropriately normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Five unrelated families reported. Most identified through standard NBS. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2010 | TNFRSF13C |
Lilian Downie gene: TNFRSF13C was added gene: TNFRSF13C was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF13C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TNFRSF13C were set to PMID: 19666484, PMID: 27250108, PMID: 18025937 Phenotypes for gene: TNFRSF13C were set to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 4 MIM#613494 Review for gene: TNFRSF13C was set to RED Added comment: Amber in our mendeliome Later childhood or adult onset. BAFFR deficiency in humans is characterized by very few circulating B cells, very low IgM and IgG serum concentrations but normal or high IgA levels. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2007 | IL2RA |
Zornitza Stark gene: IL2RA was added gene: IL2RA was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: IL2RA. Mode of inheritance for gene: IL2RA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IL2RA were set to Immunodeficiency 41 with lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity, MIM# 606367 Review for gene: IL2RA was set to GREEN Added comment: Immunodeficiency-41 is a disorder of immune dysregulation. Affected individuals present in infancy with recurrent viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, lymphadenopathy, and variable autoimmune features, such as autoimmune enteropathy and eczematous skin lesions. Immunologic studies show a defect in T-cell regulation. At least 4 unrelated families reported. Treatment: rapamycin, bone marrow transplant. Confirmatory non-genetic testing: flow cytometric analysis. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2005 | IL21R |
Zornitza Stark gene: IL21R was added gene: IL21R was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: IL21R. Mode of inheritance for gene: IL21R was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IL21R were set to Immunodeficiency 56, MIM# 615207 Review for gene: IL21R was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic inactivating mutations in IL21R causes a combined immunodeficiency that is often complicated by cryptosporidium infections. More than 20 individuals reported. Recent series of 13 individuals: the main clinical manifestations were recurrent bacterial (84.6%), fungal (46.2%), and viral (38.5%) infections; cryptosporidiosis-associated cholangitis (46.2%); and asthma (23.1%). Inflammatory skin diseases (15.3%) and recurrent anaphylaxis (7.9%) constitute novel phenotypes of this combined immunodeficiency. Most patients exhibited hypogammaglobulinaemia and reduced proportions of memory B cells, circulating T follicular helper cells, MAIT cells and terminally differentiated NK cells. However, IgE levels were elevated in 50% of IL-21R-deficient patients. Onset: infancy/early childhood. Treatment: BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2001 | IKZF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IKZF1 was added gene: IKZF1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: IKZF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: IKZF1 were set to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 13 MIM# 616873 Added comment: Over 25 individuals from 9 unrelated families with variants in IKZF1 displaying Immunodeficiency; three mouse models Heterozygous missense, frameshift and deletion variants in IKZF1 gene resulting in loss or alteration of a zinc finger DNA contact site cause LoF. Typically presents with recurrent bacterial respiratory infections, hypogammaglobulinaemia and low Ig levels; variable age of onset. PMID 35333544: Eight individuals harboring heterozygous IKZF1R183H or IKZF1R183C variants associated with GOF effects reported. The clinical phenotypes and pathophysiology associated with IKZF1R183H/C differ from those of previously reported patients with IKZF1HI, IKZF1DN, and IKZF1DD and should therefore be considered as a novel IKAROS-associated disease entity. This condition is characterized by immune dysregulation manifestations including inflammation, autoimmunity, atopy, and polyclonal PC proliferation. Included primarily for LoF phenotype. Treatment: IVIG and BMT. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.2000 | IKBKB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by onset in infancy of life-threatening bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and failure to thrive. Laboratory studies show hypo- or agammaglobulinaemia with relatively normal numbers of B and T cells. Treatment: bone marrow transplant. Sources: Expert list; to: Primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by onset in infancy of life-threatening bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and failure to thrive. Laboratory studies show hypo- or agammaglobulinaemia with relatively normal numbers of B and T cells. Treatment: bone marrow transplant. Limited evidence for mono-allelic disease. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1999 | IKBKB |
Zornitza Stark gene: IKBKB was added gene: IKBKB was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: IKBKB. Mode of inheritance for gene: IKBKB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IKBKB were set to Immunodeficiency 15B, MIM# 615592 Review for gene: IKBKB was set to GREEN Added comment: Primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by onset in infancy of life-threatening bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and failure to thrive. Laboratory studies show hypo- or agammaglobulinaemia with relatively normal numbers of B and T cells. Treatment: bone marrow transplant. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1997 | IFNGR2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IFNGR2 was added gene: IFNGR2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: IFNGR2. Mode of inheritance for gene: IFNGR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IFNGR2 were set to Immunodeficiency 28, mycobacteriosis, MIM# 614889 Review for gene: IFNGR2 was set to AMBER Added comment: At least 5 unrelated families reported. Commonest trigger is BCG vaccination, which is not part of the routine schedule in Australia, therefore exclude. Treatment: BMT; avoidance of BCG. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1991 | ICOS |
Zornitza Stark gene: ICOS was added gene: ICOS was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, immunological tags were added to gene: ICOS. Mode of inheritance for gene: ICOS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ICOS were set to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 1 MIM# 607594 Review for gene: ICOS was set to GREEN Added comment: 15 affected individuals from 8 unrelated families reported with ICOS variants and displayed immunodeficiency, common variable, 1 phenotype; three mouse models. Homozygous and compound heterozygous deletion and missense variants, with the most frequent variant being a 442 nucleotide deletion. Patients typically presented with recurrent bacterial respiratory & gastrointestinal infections and low IgG/IgA. Congenital onset. Treatment: replacement immunoglobulin treatment, bone marrow transplant. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1977 | HSD11B2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HSD11B2 was added gene: HSD11B2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, endocrine tags were added to gene: HSD11B2. Mode of inheritance for gene: HSD11B2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: HSD11B2 were set to Apparent mineralocorticoid excess, MIM# 218030; MONDO:0009025 Review for gene: HSD11B2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is an autosomal recessive form of low-renin hypertension associated with low aldosterone, metabolic alkalosis, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia. The disorder is due to a congenital defect in 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD11B2) activity, resulting in decreased conversion of biologically active cortisol to inactive cortisone; this defect allows cortisol to act as a ligand for the mineralocorticoid receptor, resulting in sodium retention and volume expansion. There is a favorable therapeutic response to spironolactone. More than 10 unrelated families reported. Onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: aldosterone, renin, potassium levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1975 | HOGA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HOGA1 was added gene: HOGA1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: HOGA1. Mode of inheritance for gene: HOGA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HOGA1 were set to 20797690; 21896830; 22391140 Phenotypes for gene: HOGA1 were set to Hyperoxaluria, primary, type III MIM#613616 Review for gene: HOGA1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Well-established association with primary hyperoxaluria type III. c.700+5G>T is a recurrent pathogenic variant in European populations (possibly founder) and has high frequency in gnomad (0.2-0.3%). Onset in infancy, progressive multi-system disorder. Treatment: pyridoxine, drinking large volumes, alkalinzation of urine, pyrophosphate-containing solutions, liver-kidney transplant Non-genetic confirmatory testing: urinary oxalate Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1973 | HELLS |
Zornitza Stark gene: HELLS was added gene: HELLS was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: HELLS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: HELLS were set to Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 4, MIM# 616911 Review for gene: HELLS was set to GREEN Added comment: Congenital onset. Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome-4 is characterized by recurrent infections in childhood and variable dysmorphic facial features. Laboratory studies show hypomethylation of certain chromosomal regions. Additional features, including delayed development, are variable. At least 4 unrelated families reported. Treatment: bone marrow transplant. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1965 | GHRHR |
Zornitza Stark gene: GHRHR was added gene: GHRHR was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GHRHR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GHRHR were set to 8528260; 10084571; 11232012 Phenotypes for gene: GHRHR were set to Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IV, MIM# 618157 Review for gene: GHRHR was set to GREEN Added comment: IGHD type IV is characterized by early and severe growth failure (height SDS up to -7.4), a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to different provocation tests and low insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations, and a good response to growth hormone treatment. At least three unrelated families reported. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: growth hormone stimulation test Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1963 | GHR |
Zornitza Stark gene: GHR was added gene: GHR was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GHR was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: GHR were set to Growth hormone insensitivity, partial, MIM# 604271; Laron dwarfism, MIM# 262500 Review for gene: GHR was set to GREEN Added comment: Well established gene-disease association. Congenital onset. Treatment: growth hormone. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: growth hormone stimulation test Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1961 | GH1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GH1 was added gene: GH1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GH1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: GH1 were set to Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IA, MIM# 262400; Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type II, MIM# 173100; Kowarski syndrome, MIM# 262650 Review for gene: GH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Well established gene-disease association. Congenital onset. Treatment: growth hormone. Non-genetic confirmatory test: growth hormone stimulation test Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1959 | GFI1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GFI1 was added gene: GFI1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GFI1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GFI1 were set to 12778173; 20560965; 11810106; 22684987 Phenotypes for gene: GFI1 were set to Neutropenia, severe congenital 2, autosomal dominant, MIM# 613107 Review for gene: GFI1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least three unrelated families reported, and supportive functional data. Severe congenital immunodeficiency. Treatment: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), Bone marrow transplant Non-genetic confirmatory testing: FBE. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1958 | VKORC1 |
Lilian Downie gene: VKORC1 was added gene: VKORC1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: VKORC1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: VKORC1 were set to PMID:14765194, PMID: 26287237 Phenotypes for gene: VKORC1 were set to Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, combined deficiency of, 2 MIM#607473 Review for gene: VKORC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Risk of intracranial haemmorhage in first weeks of life Treatable with vitamin K See below summary - feels like should be green for that homozygous mutation but not sure how to manage the gene overall? not report other variants? Monoallelic - warfarin resistance There is only one mutation known to result in the VKCFD2 phenotype. VKORC1:p.Arg98Trp causes diminished vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) activity compared to that of the wild-type enzyme [15]. VKCFD2 patients exhibit severely diminished activities for the VKD coagulation factors and suffer spontaneous or surgery/injury induced bleeding episodes [16,17]. In addition to this haemorrhagic phenotype, abnormalities in epiphyseal growth have been reported in one case [18]. This phenotype is very rare. Worldwide, there are only four unrelated families known to be affected with VKCFD2 [16,17,18]. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1952 | WIPF1 |
Lilian Downie gene: WIPF1 was added gene: WIPF1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: WIPF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WIPF1 were set to PMID: 27742395, PMID: 30450104, PMID: 22231303 Phenotypes for gene: WIPF1 were set to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 2 MIM#614493 Review for gene: WIPF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Infant onset recurrent infections, thrombycytopenia and eczema Immunology testing to correlate Treatment/cure with bone marrow transplant Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1952 | ZBTB24 |
Lilian Downie gene: ZBTB24 was added gene: ZBTB24 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB24 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZBTB24 were set to PMID: 28128455, 21906047, 21596365, 23486536 Phenotypes for gene: ZBTB24 were set to Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 2 MIM#614069 Review for gene: ZBTB24 was set to AMBER Added comment: INfant onset Agammaglobulinemia, facial anomalies, and mental retardation. Facial anomalies included broad, flat nasal bridge, hypertelorism, and epicanthal folds. Treat immunoglobulin and bone marrow transplant however, this only treats the immune deficiency Consider exclusion due to untreatable ID phenotype? Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1951 | FOLR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FOLR1 was added gene: FOLR1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert list treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: FOLR1. Mode of inheritance for gene: FOLR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FOLR1 were set to 19732866; 30420205; 27743887 Phenotypes for gene: FOLR1 were set to Neurodegeneration due to cerebral folate transport deficiency, MIM# 613068 Review for gene: FOLR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Folate is a neurotransmitter precursor. Onset is apparent in late infancy with severe developmental regression, movement disturbances, epilepsy, and leukodystrophy. Recognition and diagnosis of this disorder is critical because folinic acid therapy can reverse the clinical symptoms and improve brain abnormalities and function. Treatment: folinic acid Non-genetic confirmatory testing: cerebrospinal fluid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate level Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1947 | FAM111A |
Zornitza Stark gene: FAM111A was added gene: FAM111A was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM111A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: FAM111A were set to Kenny-Caffey syndrome, type 2, MIM# 127000 Review for gene: FAM111A was set to GREEN Added comment: Condition is characterised by impaired skeletal development with small and dense bones, short stature, ocular abnormalities, and primary hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcemia. At least 10 unrelated cases reported with de novo missense variants. Intellectual disability/developmental delay is a rare feature of the condition. Treatment: magnesium, calcium and calcitriol or alfacalcidol Non-genetic confirmatory testing: serum calcium, parathyroid hormone level, calcitonin level Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1943 | DOCK2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DOCK2 was added gene: DOCK2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DOCK2 were set to 26083206; 29204803; 33928462; 30826364; 30838481; 11518968 Phenotypes for gene: DOCK2 were set to Immunodeficiency 40 MIM# 616433 Review for gene: DOCK2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 13 unrelated individuals; two mouse models; 10 biallelic mutations found (6 led to premature termination of the protein & 4 missense mutations affecting conserved residues) All patients presented with combined immunodeficiency in infancy (defective IFN-mediated immunity), early onset of invasive bacterial and viral infections, functional defects in T/B/NK cells and elevated IgM (normal IgG/IgA). Treatment: bone marrow transplant. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: T and B Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Profile Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1941 | DNASE2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DNASE2 was added gene: DNASE2 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: DNASE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNASE2 were set to 29259162; 31775019 Phenotypes for gene: DNASE2 were set to Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome, MIM# 619858 Review for gene: DNASE2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Inflammatory disorder characterized by splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, liver fibrosis, circulating anti-DNA autoantibodies, and progressive arthritis. Three families and functional data. Treatment: baricitinib Non-genetic confirmatory testing: Interferon signature Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1939 | DNAJC21 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DNAJC21 was added gene: DNAJC21 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC21 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNAJC21 were set to 29700810; 28062395; 27346687 Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC21 were set to Bone marrow failure syndrome 3, MIM# 617052 Review for gene: DNAJC21 was set to GREEN Added comment: Onset of pancytopenia in early childhood; variable nonspecific somatic abnormalities, including poor growth, microcephaly, and skin anomalies. Treatment: oral pancreatic enzymes, fat-soluble vitamins, blood and/or platelet transfusions, granulocyte-colony stimulation factor, bone marrow transplant Confirmatory non-genetic testing: no; FBE as pancytopenia evolves. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1937 | CYP2R1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CYP2R1 was added gene: CYP2R1 was added to Baby Screen+ newborn screening. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP2R1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CYP2R1 were set to 15128933; 28548312 Phenotypes for gene: CYP2R1 were set to Rickets due to defect in vitamin D 25-hydroxylation deficiency MIM#600081 Review for gene: CYP2R1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 6 unrelated families reported. Onset is generally in infancy. Good response to vitamin D (calcifediol (25_OH_D3). Confirmatory non-genetic testing: serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1929 | CORO1A |
Zornitza Stark gene: CORO1A was added gene: CORO1A was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CORO1A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CORO1A were set to Immunodeficiency 8 MIM# 615401 Review for gene: CORO1A was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families and 1 unrelated individual reported with bi-allelic (deletion, missense, insertion) variants, resulting in premature stop codons and truncated protein/ alter a highly conserved residue in binding domain; one mouse model All patients displayed T−B+NK+ SCID or CID presenting in early-onset recurrent infections and additional features that included EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease and low immunoglobulin levels. Congenital onset. Treatment: bone marrow transplant Non-genetic confirmatory testing: T and B Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Profile Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1927 | CDCA7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CDCA7 was added gene: CDCA7 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CDCA7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CDCA7 were set to 26216346 Phenotypes for gene: CDCA7 were set to Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 3, MIM# 616910 Review for gene: CDCA7 was set to GREEN Added comment: Congenital onset, severe disorder. At least 4 unrelated families reported. Treatment: replacement immunoglobulins, bone marrow transplant Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels, cytogenetic analysis for centromeric instability, DNA methylation studies Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1918 | CD3G |
Zornitza Stark gene: CD3G was added gene: CD3G was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CD3G was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CD3G were set to 31921117 Phenotypes for gene: CD3G were set to Immunodeficiency 17; CD3 gamma deficient MIM# 615607 Added comment: 10 affected individuals from 5 unrelated families; homozygous and compound heterozygous variants (splicing, missense and small deletion variants) identified resulting in premature stop codons and truncated protein; multiple mouse models. All individuals displayed immune deficiency and autoimmunity of variable severity. Some individuals presented at birth with failure to thrive due to lethal SCID features. The most common immunologic profile includes partial T lymphocytopenia and low CD3, with normal B cells, NK cells, and immunoglobulins. Congenital onset. Treatment: replacement immunoglobulin Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1916 | CD27 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CD27 was added gene: CD27 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CD27 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CD27 were set to 22197273; 22801960; 22365582; 25843314; 11062504 Phenotypes for gene: CD27 were set to CD27-deficiency MIM# 615122 Review for gene: CD27 was set to GREEN Added comment: 17 affected individuals from 9 unrelated families; homozygous (missense) and compound heterozygous (missense/ nonsense) variants identified in CD27; one mouse model. Affected individuals present with varied phenotypes (even within the same families); most commonly with lymphadenopathy, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, EBV-related infections, and immunodeficiency associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia. However, some CD27-deficient individuals are asymptomatic or display borderline-low hypogammaglobulinaemia. Treatment: replacement immunoglobulin treatment, rituximab, Bone marrow transplant. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1912 | CD19 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CD19 was added gene: CD19 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CD19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CD19 were set to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 3, MIM# 613493 Review for gene: CD19 was set to GREEN Added comment: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Clinical features include increased susceptibility to infection, hypogammaglobulinaemia, and normal numbers of mature B cells in blood, indicating a B-cell antibody-deficient immunodeficiency disorder. Onset is congenital. Treatment: IVIG Non-genetic confirmatory testing: immunoglobulin levels Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1883 | PRDX1 |
Lilian Downie gene: PRDX1 was added gene: PRDX1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDX1 was set to Other Publications for gene: PRDX1 were set to PMID: 20301503, PMID: 29396438, PMID: 34215320, PMID: 33982424 Phenotypes for gene: PRDX1 were set to Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type, digenic MIM#277400 Review for gene: PRDX1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Digenic inheritance with mutation in other allele of MMACHC On GUARDIAN and Rx genes list Recently, three individuals who are double heterozygous for pathogenic variants in MMACHC and PRDX1 have been identified. PRDX1 is a neighboring gene on chromosome 1 transcribed from the reverse strand. Variants identified in PRDX1 located at the intron 5 splice acceptor site caused skipping of exon 6, transcription of antisense MMACHC, and hypermethylation of the MMACHC promoter/exon 1, resulting in no gene expression from that allele [Guéant et al 2018]. Treatable with cobalamin, carnitine & diet. NB MMACHC is green on our list, on newborn screening. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1865 | TANGO2 |
Ari Horton changed review comment from: Folate may assist with TANGO2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778084/v1 While chronic symptoms are predominantly neurodevelopmental, metabolic stressors such as fasting, dehydration, illness, and excessive heat can trigger episodic metabolic crises characterized by encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and hypoglycemia. During these events, patients can develop acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias typically initiate with isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVC) followed by recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Because these lethal arrhythmias usually do not respond to standard antiarrhythmic therapies, cardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death in TDD Fasting and feeding recommendations to reduce crises and improve cardiac status and neurodev outcomes, reduce risk of cardiac arrhythmias and SCDY Natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05374616) strongly suggests that subjects on a multivitamin or a Bcomplex vitamin supplement have a greatly reduced risk for metabolic crises and cardiac arrhythmias Specific diet and fasting plans are recommended for all patients from the neonatal period Sources: Expert Review; to: Folate may assist with TANGO2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778084/v1 PMID: 35568137 While chronic symptoms are predominantly neurodevelopmental, metabolic stressors such as fasting, dehydration, illness, and excessive heat can trigger episodic metabolic crises characterized by encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and hypoglycemia. During these events, patients can develop acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias typically initiate with isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVC) followed by recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Because these lethal arrhythmias usually do not respond to standard antiarrhythmic therapies, cardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death in TDD Fasting and feeding recommendations to reduce crises and improve cardiac status and neurodev outcomes, reduce risk of cardiac arrhythmias and SCDY Natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05374616) strongly suggests that subjects on a multivitamin or a Bcomplex vitamin supplement have a greatly reduced risk for metabolic crises and cardiac arrhythmias Twenty-seven children were admitted for 43 cardiac crises (median age 6.4 years; interquartile range [IQR] 2.4–9.8 years) at 14 centers. During crisis, QTc prolongation occurred in all (median 547 ms; IQR 504–600 ms) and a type I Brugada pattern in 8 (26%). Arrhythmias included VT in 21 (78%), supraventricular tachycardia in 3 (11%), and heart block in 1 (4%). Nineteen patients (70%) developed cardiomyopathy, and 20 (74%) experienced a cardiac arrest. There were 10 deaths (37%), 6 related to arrhythmias. In 5 patients, recalcitrant VT occurred despite use of antiarrhythmic drugs. In 6 patients, arrhythmias were controlled after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support; 5 of these patients survived. Among 10 patients who survived VT without ECMO, successful treatment included intravenous magnesium, isoproterenol, and atrial pacing in multiple cases and verapamil in 1 patient. Initiation of feeds seemed to decrease VT events. Specific diet and fasting plans are recommended for all patients from the neonatal period Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1865 | TANGO2 |
Ari Horton gene: TANGO2 was added gene: TANGO2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: TANGO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TANGO2 were set to Cardiomyopathy; Metabolic Crises; Arrhythmia; Neurodevelopmental Penetrance for gene: TANGO2 were set to Complete Review for gene: TANGO2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Folate may assist with TANGO2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778084/v1 While chronic symptoms are predominantly neurodevelopmental, metabolic stressors such as fasting, dehydration, illness, and excessive heat can trigger episodic metabolic crises characterized by encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and hypoglycemia. During these events, patients can develop acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias typically initiate with isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVC) followed by recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Because these lethal arrhythmias usually do not respond to standard antiarrhythmic therapies, cardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death in TDD Fasting and feeding recommendations to reduce crises and improve cardiac status and neurodev outcomes, reduce risk of cardiac arrhythmias and SCDY Natural history study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05374616) strongly suggests that subjects on a multivitamin or a Bcomplex vitamin supplement have a greatly reduced risk for metabolic crises and cardiac arrhythmias Specific diet and fasting plans are recommended for all patients from the neonatal period Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1865 | LAMP2 | Ari Horton reviewed gene: LAMP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Childhood onset cardiomyopathy (Severe), Neuordevelopmental phenotype; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1849 | TMEM43 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen together with other ARVC genes. ARVC is a progressive heart disease characterized by degeneration of cardiac myocytes and their subsequent replacement by fat and fibrous tissue primarily in the right ventricle, though the left ventricle may also be affected. It is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals and athletes. The VA is usually in proportion to the degree of ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, and electrical instability. The mechanism of SCD is cardiac arrest due to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Age of onset is highly variable with a mean age of diagnosis of 31 years and a range of 4 to 64 years. Antiarrhythmic drugs and beta-blockers are not recommended in healthy gene carriers. In patients with ARVC and ventricular arrhythmia (VA), a beta-blocker or other antiarrhythmic is recommended. Recommendations for ICD placement in patients with ARVC differ across guidelines, both in terms of the indications for placement and whether recommendations are based on evidence or expert opinion. Recommendations based on non-randomized studies support ICD placement in patients with ARVC and an additional marker of increased risk of SCD (resuscitated SCA, sustained VT hemodynamically tolerated, and significant ventricular dysfunction with RVEF or LVEF ≤35%) and in patients with ARVC and syncope presumed to be due to VA if meaningful survival greater than 1 year is expected. The presence of a combination of other risk factors (e.g., male sex, frequent PVCs, syncope) may also be used to indicate implantation. Serial screening for the emergence of cardiomyopathy is recommended for clinically unaffected individuals who carry a variant associated with ARVC, including: • Medical history, with special attention to heart failure symptoms, arrhythmias, presyncope or syncope, and thromboembolism • Physical examination with special attention to cardiac and neuromuscular systems and examination of the integumentary system if ARVC is suspected • Electrocardiography • Cardiovascular imaging. Penetrance: In a study of 264 probands with genetic variants associated with ARVC who presented alive, 73% had sustained VA, 13% had symptomatic HF, and 5% had cardiac death (2% SCD, 2% HF, and 1% HF with VA) during median 8-year follow-up. Among 385 family members of the probands who also carried an ARVC variant, 32% met clinical criteria for ARVC, 11% experienced sustained VA, and 2% died during follow-up (1% from SCD, 0.5% from HF, and 0.5% non-cardiac issues). In a second study of 220 probands with genetic variants associated with ARVC who presented alive, 54% presented with sustained VT. In 321 family members of the probands who also carried an ARVC variant, 14% were symptomatic at presentation but 8% experienced VA during a mean 4-year follow-up. For all 541 cases, 60% met clinical criteria for ARVC, 30% had sustained VA, 14% developed ventricular dysfunction, 5% experienced HF, 4% had a resuscitated SCD/VF, and 2% died over a mean follow-up of 6 years.; to: Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen together with other ARVC genes. ARVC is a progressive heart disease characterized by degeneration of cardiac myocytes and their subsequent replacement by fat and fibrous tissue primarily in the right ventricle, though the left ventricle may also be affected. It is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals and athletes. The VA is usually in proportion to the degree of ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, and electrical instability. The mechanism of SCD is cardiac arrest due to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Age of onset is highly variable with a mean age of diagnosis of 31 years and a range of 4 to 64 years. Antiarrhythmic drugs and beta-blockers are not recommended in healthy gene carriers. In patients with ARVC and ventricular arrhythmia (VA), a beta-blocker or other antiarrhythmic is recommended. Recommendations for ICD placement in patients with ARVC differ across guidelines, both in terms of the indications for placement and whether recommendations are based on evidence or expert opinion. Recommendations based on non-randomized studies support ICD placement in patients with ARVC and an additional marker of increased risk of SCD (resuscitated SCA, sustained VT hemodynamically tolerated, and significant ventricular dysfunction with RVEF or LVEF ≤35%) and in patients with ARVC and syncope presumed to be due to VA if meaningful survival greater than 1 year is expected. The presence of a combination of other risk factors (e.g., male sex, frequent PVCs, syncope) may also be used to indicate implantation. Serial screening for the emergence of cardiomyopathy is recommended for clinically unaffected individuals who carry a variant associated with ARVC, including: • Medical history, with special attention to heart failure symptoms, arrhythmias, presyncope or syncope, and thromboembolism • Physical examination with special attention to cardiac and neuromuscular systems and examination of the integumentary system if ARVC is suspected • Electrocardiography • Cardiovascular imaging. Penetrance: In a study of 264 probands with genetic variants associated with ARVC who presented alive, 73% had sustained VA, 13% had symptomatic HF, and 5% had cardiac death (2% SCD, 2% HF, and 1% HF with VA) during median 8-year follow-up. Among 385 family members of the probands who also carried an ARVC variant, 32% met clinical criteria for ARVC, 11% experienced sustained VA, and 2% died during follow-up (1% from SCD, 0.5% from HF, and 0.5% non-cardiac issues). In a second study of 220 probands with genetic variants associated with ARVC who presented alive, 54% presented with sustained VT. In 321 family members of the probands who also carried an ARVC variant, 14% were symptomatic at presentation but 8% experienced VA during a mean 4-year follow-up. For all 541 cases, 60% met clinical criteria for ARVC, 30% had sustained VA, 14% developed ventricular dysfunction, 5% experienced HF, 4% had a resuscitated SCD/VF, and 2% died over a mean follow-up of 6 years. Note founder variant in Newfoundland. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1845 | CASQ2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. ClinGen: 'strong actionability' both for adult and paediatric patients. Treatment: beta blockers first line; ICD. There are also numerous known arrhythmia triggers which can be avoided. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. For review.; to: Well established gene-disease association. ClinGen: 'strong actionability' both for adult and paediatric patients. Treatment: beta blockers first line; ICD. There are also numerous known arrhythmia triggers which can be avoided. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1841 | CA12 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CA12 was added gene: CA12 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: CA12. Mode of inheritance for gene: CA12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CA12 were set to Hyperchlorhidrosis, isolated MIM#143860 Review for gene: CA12 was set to GREEN Added comment: Glu143Lys found in 4 Israeli Bedouin families. 2 other unrelated families reported with 1 missense (LoF demonstrated), 1 splice (aberrant splicing proven) and 1 fs (protein truncating, not NMD). Excessive salt wasting in sweat can result in severe infantile hyponatraemic dehydration and hyperkalaemia. Treatment: sodium chloride supplementation Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1834 | WT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rated as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Individuals with germline WT1 pathogenic variants are more likely to have bilateral or multicentric tumors and to develop tumors at an early age. The median age of diagnosis is between 3 and 4 years and both kidneys are affected in ~5% of children. Significantly more females than males have the bilateral disease. Adult forms are very rare. In the majority of cases, the prognosis is favorable with a survival rate of over 90%. The goal of surveillance in individuals with a genetic predisposition to WT is to detect tumors while they are low-stage and require less treatment compared to advanced-stage tumors. Surveillance is not a one-time event and should continue through the period of risk. WTs can double in size every week, leading to the recommendation that evaluation with abdominal ultrasound be performed every 3-4 months, with and no less frequently than 3 times a year, until age five years. Even at this frequency, occasional tumors may present clinically between scans and families should be made aware of this. However, there is no evidence to suggest that such tumors have a worse outcome. No evidence was found on the effectiveness of surveillance in children with WT due to WT1 pathogenic variants. In addition, there is no clear evidence that surveillance results in a significant decrease in mortality or tumor stage generally. However, tumors detected by surveillance would be anticipated to be on average smaller than tumors that present clinically. There have been three small retrospective evaluations of WT surveillance published, only one of which reported a significant difference in stage distribution between screened and unscreened individuals. This report was a case series of children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and idiopathic hemihypertropy, where 0/12 screened children with WT had late-stage disease and 25/59 (42%) of unscreened children had late-stage WT (p<0.003). In addition, in Germany, where abdominal ultrasound in children is common and 10% of WT are diagnosed prior to symptoms, there are some data to suggest that asymptomatic tumors are of lower stage than those present due to clinical symptoms. Penetrance is unclear. For review.; to: Rated as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Individuals with germline WT1 pathogenic variants are more likely to have bilateral or multicentric tumors and to develop tumors at an early age. The median age of diagnosis is between 3 and 4 years and both kidneys are affected in ~5% of children. Significantly more females than males have the bilateral disease. Adult forms are very rare. In the majority of cases, the prognosis is favorable with a survival rate of over 90%. The goal of surveillance in individuals with a genetic predisposition to WT is to detect tumors while they are low-stage and require less treatment compared to advanced-stage tumors. Surveillance is not a one-time event and should continue through the period of risk. WTs can double in size every week, leading to the recommendation that evaluation with abdominal ultrasound be performed every 3-4 months, with and no less frequently than 3 times a year, until age five years. Even at this frequency, occasional tumors may present clinically between scans and families should be made aware of this. However, there is no evidence to suggest that such tumors have a worse outcome. No evidence was found on the effectiveness of surveillance in children with WT due to WT1 pathogenic variants. In addition, there is no clear evidence that surveillance results in a significant decrease in mortality or tumor stage generally. However, tumors detected by surveillance would be anticipated to be on average smaller than tumors that present clinically. There have been three small retrospective evaluations of WT surveillance published, only one of which reported a significant difference in stage distribution between screened and unscreened individuals. This report was a case series of children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and idiopathic hemihypertropy, where 0/12 screened children with WT had late-stage disease and 25/59 (42%) of unscreened children had late-stage WT (p<0.003). In addition, in Germany, where abdominal ultrasound in children is common and 10% of WT are diagnosed prior to symptoms, there are some data to suggest that asymptomatic tumors are of lower stage than those present due to clinical symptoms. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1834 | GLA |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Assessed as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. In classic FD, the first symptoms, including chronic neuropathic pain and episodic severe pain crises, emerge during childhood (typically age 3-10 years). Heterozygous females typically have a later median age of onset than males (9-13 years versus 13-23 years). Rarely, females may be relatively asymptomatic and have a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as males with the classic phenotype. Cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease is present in most males by middle age while ESRD usually develops during the third to fifth decade. Renal and cardiac failure represent major sources of morbidity, and account for the reduced lifespan among affected males (50-58 years) and females (70-75 years) compared to the normal population. A systematic review of RCTs of ERT reported on nine studies of 351 FD patients; however, many of these studies reported only on the effect of ERT on levels of enzyme substrate. Data from 2 trials (n=39 males) found no statistically significant differences in plasma enzyme substrate and one trial (n=24 males) found no statistical differences in renal function between individuals treated with agalsidase alfa and placebo (up to 6-month follow-up). Similar results were seen for agalsidase beta. One trial of 26 male patients found a statistically significant difference in pain, favoring agalsidase alfa compared to placebo at 5-6 months after treatment. No trial reported on the effect of agalsidase alfa on mortality or cardiac/cerebrovascular disease. One trial of agalsidase beta (n=82 males and females) found no difference in mortality, renal function, or symptoms or complications of cardiac or cerebrovascular disease over 18 months. The long-term influence of ERT on risk of morbidity and mortality related to FD remains to be established. Migalastat, an oral chaperone drug, is recommended as an option for treatment for some patients with FD who are over 16 years with an amenable genetic variant who would usually be offered ERT. For non-amenable genotypes, migalastat may result in a net loss of alpha-Gal A activity, potentially worsening the disease condition. A systematic review evaluated 2 phase III RCTs that both included males and females. One RCT randomized patients to switch from ERT to migalastat (n = 36) or continue with ERT (n = 24) during an 18-month period with a 12-month extension in which all patients received migalastat. During the treatment period, the percentage of patients who had a renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular event or died was 29% of patients on migalastat compared to 44% of patients on ERT. However, this difference was not statistically significant. A second RCT compared migalastat (n=34) with placebo (n=33) over a 6-month period, with an 18-month extension study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in interstitial capillary inclusions of the enzyme substrate globotriaosylceramide (GL-3), which was not significantly different between groups. Results from both trials indicate that migalastat does not have a significant beneficial effect on pain, health-related quality of life outcomes, or glomerular filtration rate (results were uncertain due to large confidence intervals, small sample sizes, and/or short follow-up time). Migalastat did not influence left ventricular ejection fraction but did improve left ventricular mass over 18 months. There are a number of recommendations for surveillance and agents to avoid (amiodarone). There is no consensus as to when ERT should be started.; to: Assessed as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. In classic FD, the first symptoms, including chronic neuropathic pain and episodic severe pain crises, emerge during childhood (typically age 3-10 years). Heterozygous females typically have a later median age of onset than males (9-13 years versus 13-23 years). Rarely, females may be relatively asymptomatic and have a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as males with the classic phenotype. Cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease is present in most males by middle age while ESRD usually develops during the third to fifth decade. Renal and cardiac failure represent major sources of morbidity, and account for the reduced lifespan among affected males (50-58 years) and females (70-75 years) compared to the normal population. A systematic review of RCTs of ERT reported on nine studies of 351 FD patients; however, many of these studies reported only on the effect of ERT on levels of enzyme substrate. Data from 2 trials (n=39 males) found no statistically significant differences in plasma enzyme substrate and one trial (n=24 males) found no statistical differences in renal function between individuals treated with agalsidase alfa and placebo (up to 6-month follow-up). Similar results were seen for agalsidase beta. One trial of 26 male patients found a statistically significant difference in pain, favoring agalsidase alfa compared to placebo at 5-6 months after treatment. No trial reported on the effect of agalsidase alfa on mortality or cardiac/cerebrovascular disease. One trial of agalsidase beta (n=82 males and females) found no difference in mortality, renal function, or symptoms or complications of cardiac or cerebrovascular disease over 18 months. The long-term influence of ERT on risk of morbidity and mortality related to FD remains to be established. Migalastat, an oral chaperone drug, is recommended as an option for treatment for some patients with FD who are over 16 years with an amenable genetic variant who would usually be offered ERT. For non-amenable genotypes, migalastat may result in a net loss of alpha-Gal A activity, potentially worsening the disease condition. A systematic review evaluated 2 phase III RCTs that both included males and females. One RCT randomized patients to switch from ERT to migalastat (n = 36) or continue with ERT (n = 24) during an 18-month period with a 12-month extension in which all patients received migalastat. During the treatment period, the percentage of patients who had a renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular event or died was 29% of patients on migalastat compared to 44% of patients on ERT. However, this difference was not statistically significant. A second RCT compared migalastat (n=34) with placebo (n=33) over a 6-month period, with an 18-month extension study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in interstitial capillary inclusions of the enzyme substrate globotriaosylceramide (GL-3), which was not significantly different between groups. Results from both trials indicate that migalastat does not have a significant beneficial effect on pain, health-related quality of life outcomes, or glomerular filtration rate (results were uncertain due to large confidence intervals, small sample sizes, and/or short follow-up time). Migalastat did not influence left ventricular ejection fraction but did improve left ventricular mass over 18 months. There are a number of recommendations for surveillance and agents to avoid (amiodarone). There is no consensus as to when ERT should be started. Note ERT is licensed in Australia from age 7 years. However, carbamazepine relieves neuropathic pain, which has onset in early childhood. Overall, include. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1833 | SMAD2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SMAD2 was added gene: SMAD2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: SMAD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: SMAD2 were set to Loeys-Dietz syndrome 6, MIM# 619656 Review for gene: SMAD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 9 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with LDS phenotype. Gene-disease association rated 'moderate' by ClinGen but this gene is included in our diagnostic testing. LDS included in gNBS panel as in general medical actionability for the LDS group of disorders is considered established. Can manifest in early childhood. Treatment: different interventions, including beta-blockers, surgical and monitoring Non-genetic confirmatory test: characteristic clinical findings Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1825 | PMM2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Two clinical presentations - solely neurologic form and a neurologic-multivisceral form Mortality approximately 20% in first 2 years Treatment: epalrestat PMID 31636082: Epalrestat increased PMM2 enzymatic activity in four PMM2-CDG patient fibroblast lines with genotypes R141H/F119L, R141H/E139K, R141H/N216I and R141H/F183S. PMM2 enzyme activity gains ranged from 30% to 400% over baseline, depending on genotype. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase by epalrestat may shunt glucose from the polyol pathway to glucose-1,6-bisphosphate, which is an endogenous stabilizer and coactivator of PMM2 homodimerization. Epalrestat is a safe, oral and brain penetrant drug that was approved 27 years ago in Japan to treat diabetic neuropathy in geriatric populations. For review: uncertain if in use for CDG; to: Well established gene-disease association. Two clinical presentations - solely neurologic form and a neurologic-multivisceral form Mortality approximately 20% in first 2 years Treatment: epalrestat PMID 31636082: Epalrestat increased PMM2 enzymatic activity in four PMM2-CDG patient fibroblast lines with genotypes R141H/F119L, R141H/E139K, R141H/N216I and R141H/F183S. PMM2 enzyme activity gains ranged from 30% to 400% over baseline, depending on genotype. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase by epalrestat may shunt glucose from the polyol pathway to glucose-1,6-bisphosphate, which is an endogenous stabilizer and coactivator of PMM2 homodimerization. Epalrestat is a safe, oral and brain penetrant drug that was approved 27 years ago in Japan to treat diabetic neuropathy in geriatric populations. Treatment not well established in patients. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1821 | RET |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Established gene-disease associations. Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Onset of MEN2A is typically prior to age 35, usually between ages 5 and 25. MTC is generally the first manifestation in MEN2A with probands presenting with a neck mass or neck pain. Metastatic spread is common. MTC is the most common cause of death in patients with MEN2A. PHEOs usually present after MTC or concomitantly but are the first manifestation in 13-27% of individuals; they occur in about 50% of individuals. PHEOs are diagnosed at an earlier age, have subtler symptoms, and are more likely to be bilateral than sporadic tumors, with malignant transformation occurring in about 4% of cases. Even without malignant progression, PHEOs can be lethal from intractable hypertension or anesthesia-induced hypertensive crises. Depending on the risk category of the RET pathogenic variant, PHEOs have been observed as early as 5 years of age. For MEN2A children with a “high-risk” pathogenic variant, patients should undergo annual ultrasound and screening for increased calcitonin levels starting at 3 years of age and proceed to thyroidectomy when elevated levels are detected or at 5 years of age. For patients with a “moderate-risk” pathogenic variant, considering the clinical variability of disease expression in family members in this category, annual physical examination, cervical US, and measurement of serum calcitonin levels, should begin at 5 years of age. Biochemical surveillance for PHPT should begin at 11 years and 16 years of age for patients with high- and moderate-risk variants, respectively; this screening is recommended annually for “high-risk” patients and at least every 2-3 years in “moderate-risk” patients. Biochemical screening for PHEO should begin at age 11 for patients with high-risk variants and age 16 for patients with moderate-risk variants. For review: actionable in first 5 years of life?; to: Established gene-disease associations. Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Onset of MEN2A is typically prior to age 35, usually between ages 5 and 25. MTC is generally the first manifestation in MEN2A with probands presenting with a neck mass or neck pain. Metastatic spread is common. MTC is the most common cause of death in patients with MEN2A. PHEOs usually present after MTC or concomitantly but are the first manifestation in 13-27% of individuals; they occur in about 50% of individuals. PHEOs are diagnosed at an earlier age, have subtler symptoms, and are more likely to be bilateral than sporadic tumors, with malignant transformation occurring in about 4% of cases. Even without malignant progression, PHEOs can be lethal from intractable hypertension or anesthesia-induced hypertensive crises. Depending on the risk category of the RET pathogenic variant, PHEOs have been observed as early as 5 years of age. For MEN2A children with a “high-risk” pathogenic variant, patients should undergo annual ultrasound and screening for increased calcitonin levels starting at 3 years of age and proceed to thyroidectomy when elevated levels are detected or at 5 years of age. For patients with a “moderate-risk” pathogenic variant, considering the clinical variability of disease expression in family members in this category, annual physical examination, cervical US, and measurement of serum calcitonin levels, should begin at 5 years of age. Biochemical surveillance for PHPT should begin at 11 years and 16 years of age for patients with high- and moderate-risk variants, respectively; this screening is recommended annually for “high-risk” patients and at least every 2-3 years in “moderate-risk” patients. Biochemical screening for PHEO should begin at age 11 for patients with high-risk variants and age 16 for patients with moderate-risk variants. For review: some actionability in first 5 years, variants can be stratified in terms of risk. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1817 | DHFR |
Zornitza Stark gene: DHFR was added gene: DHFR was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review treatable, metabolic tags were added to gene: DHFR. Mode of inheritance for gene: DHFR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DHFR were set to Megaloblastic anaemia due to dihydrofolate reductase deficiency, MIM# 613839 Review for gene: DHFR was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Congenital onset. Treatment: folinic acid. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: complete blood count with MCV and CSF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate level. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1801 | MLH1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Note mono-allelic variants are associated with adult-onset cancer risk. MMRCS rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. The hallmark of MMRCS is early onset cancer, most often in childhood or young adulthood. The median age of onset of the first tumor is 7.5 years, with a wide range observed (0.4-39 years). A large portion (up to 40%) of patients develop metachronous second malignancies. The median survival after diagnosis of the primary tumor is less than 30 months. Prognosis depends on the possibility of complete resection, making early detection paramount. It is unclear what tumor spectrum will emerge among adults with MMRCS. Brain tumors are frequent and often diagnosed in the first decade of life. The rate of progression appears to be rapid in the brain tumors. The median age at diagnosis of brain tumors is 9 years (range, 2-40 years). Brain tumors are by far the most common cause of death. Colonic adenomatous oligopolyposis typically is diagnosed between 5 and 10 years of age. The progression of adenomas to malignancy in MMRCS is the most rapid of any inherited colorectal cancer syndrome. Among MMRCS patients presenting with colorectal cancer (CRC), the median age at diagnosis was 16 years (range, 8-48 years) with more than half of patients classified as pediatric-onset CRC. The age of onset of small-bowel adenomas is later; they typically develop in the second decade of life. The median age at diagnosis of small-bowel cancer was 28 years, with a range of 11-42 years. The lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancer among MMRCS patients is the highest reported of all gastrointestinal cancer predisposition syndromes as a function of age. The median age at diagnosis of hematologic malignancy is 6.6 years. Endometrial cancer has been diagnosed between 19 and 44 years. The age at diagnosis of urinary tract tumors has ranged from 10 to 22 years. The management of MMRCS is based on the current estimates of neoplasia risk and the early age of onset for the cancers, which have led to tentative guidelines for the management of these patients. The age at which to begin surveillance varies by guideline and is represented below as age ranges. In patients with MMRCS, the following surveillance is suggested: •Screening for CRC by colonoscopy is recommended annually beginning at age 6 to 8 years. Once polyps are identified, colonoscopy every 6 months is recommended. •Annual surveillance for small-bowel cancer by upper endoscopy and video capsule endoscopy is suggested beginning at 8 to 10 years of age. Monitoring of hemoglobin levels every 6 months also is suggested, beginning at 8 years of age. •Surveillance for brain tumors by brain MRI every 6 to 12 months is suggested starting at the time of diagnosis even in the first year of life to age 2 years. •Currently, no proven surveillance modalities for leukemia or lymphoma have been identified. Complete blood count to screen for leukemia is suggested every 6 months beginning at 1 year of age. Clinical examinations and abdominal ultrasounds to screen for lymphoma every 6 months may be considered by the treating physician. •For individuals with a uterus, surveillance for endometrial cancer is suggested by transvaginal ultrasound, pelvic examination, and endometrial sampling annually starting at age 20 years. •Surveillance for cancer of the urinary tract is suggested, with annual urinalysis starting at age 10 to 20 years. •To screen for other types of tumors, whole-body MRI could be considered once a year starting at 6 years of age or when anesthesia is not needed. This method should not replace the need for ultrasound and brain MRI. Estimated penetrance in MMRCS: •50% develop small-bowel adenomas •>90% develop colorectal adenomas •59 to 70% develop colorectal cancer •58 to 70% develop high-grade brain tumours •20-40% develop lymphoma •10-40% develop leukemia •10 to 18% develop small-bowel cancer •<10% develop endometrial cancer •<10% develop urinary tract cancer •<10% develop cancer of other sites; to: Note mono-allelic variants are associated with adult-onset cancer risk. MMRCS rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. The hallmark of MMRCS is early onset cancer, most often in childhood or young adulthood. The median age of onset of the first tumor is 7.5 years, with a wide range observed (0.4-39 years). A large portion (up to 40%) of patients develop metachronous second malignancies. The median survival after diagnosis of the primary tumor is less than 30 months. Prognosis depends on the possibility of complete resection, making early detection paramount. It is unclear what tumor spectrum will emerge among adults with MMRCS. Brain tumors are frequent and often diagnosed in the first decade of life. The rate of progression appears to be rapid in the brain tumors. The median age at diagnosis of brain tumors is 9 years (range, 2-40 years). Brain tumors are by far the most common cause of death. Colonic adenomatous oligopolyposis typically is diagnosed between 5 and 10 years of age. The progression of adenomas to malignancy in MMRCS is the most rapid of any inherited colorectal cancer syndrome. Among MMRCS patients presenting with colorectal cancer (CRC), the median age at diagnosis was 16 years (range, 8-48 years) with more than half of patients classified as pediatric-onset CRC. The age of onset of small-bowel adenomas is later; they typically develop in the second decade of life. The median age at diagnosis of small-bowel cancer was 28 years, with a range of 11-42 years. The lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancer among MMRCS patients is the highest reported of all gastrointestinal cancer predisposition syndromes as a function of age. The median age at diagnosis of hematologic malignancy is 6.6 years. Endometrial cancer has been diagnosed between 19 and 44 years. The age at diagnosis of urinary tract tumors has ranged from 10 to 22 years. The management of MMRCS is based on the current estimates of neoplasia risk and the early age of onset for the cancers, which have led to tentative guidelines for the management of these patients. The age at which to begin surveillance varies by guideline and is represented below as age ranges. In patients with MMRCS, the following surveillance is suggested: •Screening for CRC by colonoscopy is recommended annually beginning at age 6 to 8 years. Once polyps are identified, colonoscopy every 6 months is recommended. •Annual surveillance for small-bowel cancer by upper endoscopy and video capsule endoscopy is suggested beginning at 8 to 10 years of age. Monitoring of hemoglobin levels every 6 months also is suggested, beginning at 8 years of age. •Surveillance for brain tumors by brain MRI every 6 to 12 months is suggested starting at the time of diagnosis even in the first year of life to age 2 years. •Currently, no proven surveillance modalities for leukemia or lymphoma have been identified. Complete blood count to screen for leukemia is suggested every 6 months beginning at 1 year of age. Clinical examinations and abdominal ultrasounds to screen for lymphoma every 6 months may be considered by the treating physician. •For individuals with a uterus, surveillance for endometrial cancer is suggested by transvaginal ultrasound, pelvic examination, and endometrial sampling annually starting at age 20 years. •Surveillance for cancer of the urinary tract is suggested, with annual urinalysis starting at age 10 to 20 years. •To screen for other types of tumors, whole-body MRI could be considered once a year starting at 6 years of age or when anesthesia is not needed. This method should not replace the need for ultrasound and brain MRI. Estimated penetrance in MMRCS: •50% develop small-bowel adenomas •>90% develop colorectal adenomas •59 to 70% develop colorectal cancer •58 to 70% develop high-grade brain tumours •20-40% develop lymphoma •10-40% develop leukemia •10 to 18% develop small-bowel cancer •<10% develop endometrial cancer •<10% develop urinary tract cancer •<10% develop cancer of other sites |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1782 | MYO3A |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MYO3A: Added comment: Assessed by ClinGen as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients. Included as a cause of pre-lingual deafness, therefore include in this panel, noting some reports of later onset.; Changed rating: GREEN |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1781 | PRKG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PRKG1 was added gene: PRKG1 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, cardiac, treatable tags were added to gene: PRKG1. Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: PRKG1 were set to Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 8, MIM#615436 Penetrance for gene: PRKG1 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: PRKG1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 31 individuals with PRKG1 pathogenic variants indicated that 63% presented with an aortic dissection and 37% had aortic root enlargement. The cumulative risk of an aortic dissection or repair of an aortic aneurysm by age 55 has been estimated as 86% (95% CI: 70-95%). Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1778 | LOX |
Zornitza Stark gene: LOX was added gene: LOX was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, cardiac, treatable tags were added to gene: LOX. Mode of inheritance for gene: LOX was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: LOX were set to Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 10, MIM#617168 Penetrance for gene: LOX were set to Incomplete Review for gene: LOX was set to AMBER Added comment: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. FTAAD is a rare genetic vascular disease characterized by the familial occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysm, dissection, or dilatation affecting one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta). Variable age of clinical presentation. Prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta is recommended at 4.5-5.0 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in MYH11, SMAD3, and ACTA2 and at 4.0-4.5 cm for patients with pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 or TGFBR2. Beta adrenergic-blocking agents are recommended to reduce aortic dilation. Losartan was added as an alternative to beta adrenergic-blocking agents in FTAAD after studies showed its efficacy in children and young adults with MFS who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol. Penetrance: A study of 15 individuals with LOX pathogenic variants indicated that 73% had aortic aneurysms and 1 individual (7%) had an aortic dissection. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1772 | RUNX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RUNX1 was added gene: RUNX1 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, treatable, haematological tags were added to gene: RUNX1. Mode of inheritance for gene: RUNX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: RUNX1 were set to Platelet disorder, familial, with associated myeloid malignancy, MIM# 601399 Review for gene: RUNX1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Assessed as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. HTHCPS is characterized by mild to moderate thrombocytopenia with normal platelet size, abnormal platelet functioning (defective release of delta granules and/or aggregation defects), and an increased risk of developing a haematologic malignancy. Age of onset of bleeding can be highly variable, with some individuals presenting in early infancy and others not recognizing their symptoms until much later in life. Severe thrombocytopenia or profound platelet dysfunction can result in recognition during the perinatal or infancy period. Hematologic malignancies can occur in childhood or adulthood; the range of age of onset is wide with a median age of 33 years. Use of clotting promotors (e.g., desmopressin, epsilon aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid) can be used for surgeries, injuries, or dental treatments. Platelet transfusions may be used for severe bleeding or procedures with a high bleeding risk. Though there is no specific treatment for HTHCPS, there are recommendations regarding the indications and timing of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that vary. HSCT in pre-malignancy patients, particularly in the absence of any clonal progression, is debatable due to transplantation-associated risks and incomplete penetrance. Some suggested indications for HSCT include severe or symptomatic cytopenias, severe marrow dysplasia (particularly in the context of falling blood counts), complex or high-risk (e.g., monosomy 7) cytogenetic abnormalities (particularly if the clones are large or increasing in size) and increasing blasts >5%. Consider use of a medical alert bracelet for thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, or hematologic malignancy as indicated. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1770 | DICER1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DICER1 was added gene: DICER1 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen Mode of inheritance for gene: DICER1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DICER1 were set to DICER1 syndrome, MONDO:0017288 Penetrance for gene: DICER1 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: DICER1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Rated as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. A multiple registry study examining neoplasm incidence in a cohort containing 102 non-probands with DICER1 pathogenic variants (3,344 person-years of observation in non-probands) found that by age 10 years, 5.3% (95% CI, 0.6% to 9.7%) of non-probands had developed a neoplasm (females, 4.0%; males, 6.6%). By age 50 years, 19.3% (95% CI, 8.4% to 29.0%) of non-probands had developed a neoplasm (females, 26.5%; males, 10.2%). Most individuals with pathogenic variants in DICER1 are healthy or have only minor DICER1-associaited conditions. The most severe manifestations tend to present in early childhood with adulthood characterized by good health. The majority of tumors in individuals with DICER1 pathogenic variants occur in individuals younger than 40. Many of these tumors typically only occur in childhood, including: PPB (before age 7), CN (before age 4), CBME typically occurs in young children, pituitary blastoma (before age 2), and childhood pineoblastoma (only one has been reported associated with a DICER1 mutation). Surveillance recommendations: In order to detect pulmonary cysts or PPB (one of the most important causes of DICER1-associated morbidity and mortality), chest x-rays are recommended every 6 months from birth to through age 7 years and then annually from 8-12 years. A chest computed tomography (CT) (with efforts to minimize radiation) should be obtained by 9 months of age, preferably between 3 and 6 months of age and repeated at approximately 2.5 years of age. Abdominal ultrasound is recommended for the detection in infancy or at the time of the first chest CT then every 6-12 months until at least 8 years of age. Annual ultrasound may be considered until 12 years of age. Beginning at ages 8-10 females should receive pelvic ultrasound performed in conjunction with abdominal ultrasound (every 6-12 months) until at least age 40 or as needed for signs and symptoms. Individuals should undergo thyroid ultrasound with assessment for regional adenopathy every 2 to 3 years starting at age 8 or as needed for signs and symptoms. An annual routine dilated ophthalmologic exam with visual acuity screening is recommended from age 3 to at least age 10 for detection of CBME. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1760 | DSP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DSP were changed from Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with woolly hair and keratoderma, MIM# 605676; Epidermolysis bullosa, lethal acantholytic; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; Dilated cardiomyopathy with woolly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis , MIM#615821 to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 8, MIM# 607450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1748 | PRKAR1A |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PRKAR1A: Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen, principally due to benefit from early detection of cardiac myxomas through surveillance. CNC is associated with skin pigmentary abnormalities, myxomas, endocrine tumors or overactivity, and schwannomas. Lentigines are the most common presenting feature of CNC and may be present at birth. Typically, they increase in number at puberty, fade after the fourth decade, but may still be evident in the eighth decade. Cutaneous myxomas appear between birth and the fourth decade. Cardiac myxomas may occur at a young age. Breast myxomas occur in females after puberty. Males and females may develop nipple myxomas at any age. In a minority of individuals, PPNAD presents in the first two to three years; in the majority, it presents in the second or third decade. LCCSCT often present in the first decade. Signs and symptoms of CNC may be present at birth, but the median age of diagnosis is 20 years. Most patients with CNC present with a mild increase in GH. However, clinically evident acromegaly is a relatively frequent manifestation of CNC, occurring in approximately 10% of adults at the time of presentation. Most individuals with CNC have a normal life span. However, because some die at an early age, the average life expectancy for individuals with CNC is 50 years. Causes of death include complications of cardiac myxoma (myxoma emboli, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, and surgical intervention), metastatic or intracranial PMS, thyroid carcinoma, and metastatic pancreatic and testicular tumors. The only preventive measure in an asymptomatic individual is surgical removal of a heart tumor (cardiac myxoma) prior to the development of heart dysfunction, stroke, or other embolism. Cardiac myxomas should be diagnosed early through regular screening. Development of metabolic abnormalities from Cushing syndrome or arthropathy and other complications from acromegaly may be prevented by medical or surgical treatment of the respective endocrine manifestations. The overall penetrance of CNC in those with a PRKAR1A pathogenic variant is greater than 95% by age 50 years. 30-60% have cardiac myxomas.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Carney complex, type 1, MIM# 160980 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1746 | MEN1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: For review re age of onset: surveillance starts age 5, disease onset generally later.; to: For review re age of onset: surveillance starts age 5, disease onset generally later. Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Parathyroid tumors, which cause PHPT, are the most common feature and the first clinical manifestation in 90% of individuals with MEN1 with onset typically between ages 20 and 25 years. Almost all (95-100%) individuals with MEN1 can expect to have PHPT by age 50 years. However, MEN1 affects all age groups, with a reported age range of 5 to 81 years; 17% of MEN1 tumors are diagnosed under age 21. Untreated patients with MEN1 have a decreased life expectancy with a 50% probability of death by age 50. The cause of death in 50-70% of cases is due to a malignant tumor process or sequelae of the disease, with malignancies accounting for 30% of all deaths. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1746 | SCN5A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SCN5A were changed from Sick sinus syndrome 1, MIM# 608567; Ventricular fibrillation, familial, 1, MIM# 603829; Brugada syndrome; Brugada syndrome 1, MIM# 601144; Long QT syndrome 3 (MIM#603830); Long QT syndrome; Heart block, progressive, type IA, MIM# 113900 to Long QT syndrome 3 (MIM#603830); Brugada syndrome 1, MIM# 601144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1740 | TGFB2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TGFB2 was added gene: TGFB2 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen Mode of inheritance for gene: TGFB2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TGFB2 were set to Loeys-Dietz syndrome 4, MIM# 614816 Review for gene: TGFB2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms which are the major source of morbidity and mortality. Aortic growth can be faster than 10mm per year. Aortic dissection has been observed in early childhood, and the mean age of death is 26 years. Other life-threatening manifestations include spontaneous rupture of the spleen, bowel, and uterine rupture during pregnancy. Prophylactic surgical repair is typically recommended at an aortic diameter of ≥ 4.2 cm. Beta-blockers or other medications can be used to reduce hemodynamic stress. Consider Medicalert bracelet. Use of subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis should be considered for individuals with connective tissue disorders and documented evidence of mitral and/or aortic regurgitation who are undergoing dental work or other procedures expected to contaminate the bloodstream with bacteria. Because of a high risk of cervical spine instability, a flexion and extension x-ray of the cervical spine should be performed prior to intubation or any other procedure involving manipulation of the neck. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1736 | TECRL |
Zornitza Stark gene: TECRL was added gene: TECRL was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, cardiac, treatable tags were added to gene: TECRL. Mode of inheritance for gene: TECRL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TECRL were set to Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 3, MIM# 614021 Review for gene: TECRL was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1734 | CALM3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CALM3 was added gene: CALM3 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, cardiac, treatable tags were added to gene: CALM3. Mode of inheritance for gene: CALM3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CALM3 were set to Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic 6 , MIM# 618782 Penetrance for gene: CALM3 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: CALM3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1732 | CALM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CALM2 was added gene: CALM2 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, cardiac, treatable tags were added to gene: CALM2. Mode of inheritance for gene: CALM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CALM2 were set to Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia MONDO:0017990 Review for gene: CALM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1730 | CALM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CALM1 was added gene: CALM1 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, cardiac, treatable tags were added to gene: CALM1. Mode of inheritance for gene: CALM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CALM1 were set to Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 4, MIM# 614916 Penetrance for gene: CALM1 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: CALM1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' for paediatric patients by ClinGen. The mean age of onset of symptoms (usually a syncopal episode) of CPVT is between age seven and twelve years; onset as late as the fourth decade of life has been reported. Nearly 60% of patients have at least one syncopal episode before age 40. If untreated, CPVT is highly lethal, as approximately 30% of genetically affected individuals experience at least one cardiac arrest and up to 80% one or more syncopal spells. In untreated patients, the 8-year fatal or near-fatal event rates of 25% have been reported. Sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. Instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been associated with pathogenic variants in RYR2. Individuals with pathogenic variants in CALM1, CALM2 or CALM3 can have a severe phenotype, with earlier onset, QT prolongation, and a high predilection for cardiac arrest and sudden death. Beta-blockers lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are recommended as a first-line therapy in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CPVT, including those with documented spontaneous, stress-induced VAs. Guidelines differ in their recommendations about utilizing beta-blocker therapy in phenotype negative individuals. Treatment with beta blockers is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiac events. However, variability in outcome with beta-blocker therapy is due to multiple factors, including dosing and compliance. In a study of 101 patients with CPVT (22 diagnosed clinically and 79 diagnosed molecularly), 81 were administered beta-blockers (57 symptomatic and 24 asymptomatic individuals). Estimated 4- and 8-year cardiac event rates were 8% and 27%, respectively in patients taking beta-blockers, and 33% and 58% in those not taking beta blockers (log-rank p=0.01). Corresponding statistics for fatal events were 1% and 11% with beta-blockers vs. 18% and 25% without (log-rank p=0.05). Event rates in asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype were similar to other patients. In multivariate models, absence of beta-blockers was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7, p=0.003) and of fatal events (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.1, p=0.03). Of the 37 asymptomatic patients with a positive genotype, 9 (24%) had cardiac events. In patients with CPVT and recurrent sustained VT or syncope, while receiving adequate or maximally tolerated beta blocker, treatment intensification with either combination medication therapy (e.g., beta blocker with flecainide), left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and/or an ICD is recommended. Clinical penetrance ranges from 25 to 100%, with an average of 70 to 80%. Syncope appears to be the first symptom in more than half of the patients. When untreated, mortality from CPVT is high, reaching 30 to 50% by the age of 30 years. For review: age of onset and penetrance. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1728 | RPE65 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RPE65 was added gene: RPE65 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen for review, treatable, ophthalmological tags were added to gene: RPE65. Mode of inheritance for gene: RPE65 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: RPE65 were set to Leber congenital amaurosis 2 MIM#204100; Retinitis pigmentosa 20 MIM#613794 Review for gene: RPE65 was set to GREEN Added comment: Assessed as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Biallelic RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophy is a form of IRD caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in RPE65; it presents as a spectrum of disease with variable age of onset and progression of vision loss. Common clinical findings across the spectrum include night blindness, progressive loss of visual fields and loss of central vision. In LCA, night blindness often occurs from birth. Characteristically, these patients have residual cone-mediated vision in the first to third decades with progressive visual field loss until complete blindness is observed, most often in mid- to late-adulthood. A range of age of onset has been described for night blindness in RP, but it typically onsets in later childhood. In December 2017, the FDA approved LUXTURNA (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl) gene therapy for the treatment of patients with confirmed biallelic RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophy. The FDA’s conclusion of efficacy is based on improvement in a functional vision score over 1 year in a single open-label controlled Phase 3 study of 31 affected patients. The average age of the 31 randomized patients was 15 years (range 4 to 44 years), including 64% pediatric subjects (n=20, age from 4 to 17 years) and 36% adults (n=11). Functional vision was scored by a patient’s ability to navigate a course in various luminance levels. Using both treated eyes of the 21 subjects in the LUXTURNA treatment group, 11 (52%) had a clinically meaningful score improvement, while only one of the ten (10%) subjects in the control group had a clinically meaningful score improvement. Using the first treated eye only, 15/21 (71%) had a clinically meaningful score improvement, while no comparable score improvement was observed in controls. Other secondary clinical outcomes were also examined. Analysis of white light full-field light sensitivity threshold testing showed statistically significant improvement at 1 year in the LUXTURNA treatment group compared to the control group. The change in visual acuity was not significantly different between the LUXTURNA and control groups. LUXTURNA is administered subretinally by injection. Per the FDA package insert, the most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) in the clinical trials for LUXTURNA included conjunctival hyperemia, cataract, increased intraocular pressure, retinal tear, dellen (thinning of the corneal stroma), and macular hole. Several other ocular adverse effects were also reported, including risk of endophthalmitis. Safety data was included on the basis of 41 patients (81 eyes). For review: availability of therapy? Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1724 | ITGB3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITGB3 was added gene: ITGB3 was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen treatable, haematological tags were added to gene: ITGB3. Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGB3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ITGB3 were set to Glanzmann thrombasthenia 2, MIM# 619267 Review for gene: ITGB3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. GT can present soon after birth with episodic mucocutaneous bleeding, purpura, petechiae, unprovoked bruising, and excessive bleeding from the umbilical stump or post-circumcision. Major bleeding complications during the neonatal period, such as ICH following delivery are rare. The clinical severity of GT tends to diminish with age, although the bleeding manifestations persist and are life-long. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) may be considered for patients with: moderate to severe acute bleeding; for treatment of refractory minor bleeds; for prophylaxis in patients with frequent severe bleeds; treatment during minor and major surgery; and in patients who are refractory to platelet transfusion. Some guidelines suggest utilizing rFVIIa as a first line therapy and saving platelet transfusion for more severe or non-responsive bleeds. High doses have been successful, particularly if used early and upfront. rFVIIa in a dose of =80 µg/kg at intervals of 2.5 h or less were observed to be safe and effective in nonsurgical bleeds, minor and major procedures in patients with or without antibodies, and/or refractoriness. The International Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry (GTR), published in 2015, studied 184 patients with 829 bleeding episodes and 96 patients with 206 surgical interventions. rFVIIa alone was used in 124/829 bleeds and the proportion of successful treatment to stop bleeding was 91%. In patients without antibodies/refractoriness, rFVIIa, either alone or with antifibrinolytics, and platelets±antifibrinolytics were rated 100% effective for 24 minor and 4 major procedures. The lowest effectiveness of rFVIIa treatment alone was 88.9% (16/18 effective minor procedures) in refractory patients with platelet antibodies. Desmopressin (DDAVP) may be considered as an additional treatment for mild bleeding episodes. DDAVP has been shown to be effective in many bleeding disorders, including inherited platelet function disorders. However, DDAVP efficacy among GT patients has not been established and guideline recommendations are conflicting. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1722 | ITGA2B |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITGA2B was added gene: ITGA2B was added to gNBS. Sources: ClinGen treatable, haematological tags were added to gene: ITGA2B. Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGA2B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ITGA2B were set to Glanzmann thrombasthaenia 1, MIM# 273800 Review for gene: ITGA2B was set to GREEN Added comment: Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. GT can present soon after birth with episodic mucocutaneous bleeding, purpura, petechiae, unprovoked bruising, and excessive bleeding from the umbilical stump or post-circumcision. Major bleeding complications during the neonatal period, such as ICH following delivery are rare. The clinical severity of GT tends to diminish with age, although the bleeding manifestations persist and are life-long. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) may be considered for patients with: moderate to severe acute bleeding; for treatment of refractory minor bleeds; for prophylaxis in patients with frequent severe bleeds; treatment during minor and major surgery; and in patients who are refractory to platelet transfusion. Some guidelines suggest utilizing rFVIIa as a first line therapy and saving platelet transfusion for more severe or non-responsive bleeds. High doses have been successful, particularly if used early and upfront. rFVIIa in a dose of =80 µg/kg at intervals of 2.5 h or less were observed to be safe and effective in nonsurgical bleeds, minor and major procedures in patients with or without antibodies, and/or refractoriness. The International Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry (GTR), published in 2015, studied 184 patients with 829 bleeding episodes and 96 patients with 206 surgical interventions. rFVIIa alone was used in 124/829 bleeds and the proportion of successful treatment to stop bleeding was 91%. In patients without antibodies/refractoriness, rFVIIa, either alone or with antifibrinolytics, and platelets±antifibrinolytics were rated 100% effective for 24 minor and 4 major procedures. The lowest effectiveness of rFVIIa treatment alone was 88.9% (16/18 effective minor procedures) in refractory patients with platelet antibodies. Desmopressin (DDAVP) may be considered as an additional treatment for mild bleeding episodes. DDAVP has been shown to be effective in many bleeding disorders, including inherited platelet function disorders. However, DDAVP efficacy among GT patients has not been established and guideline recommendations are conflicting. Sources: ClinGen |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1721 | F7 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Variable severity. Treatment: Recombinant coagulation Factor VIIa Non-genetic confirmatory testing: factor VII level; to: Well established gene-disease association. Variable severity. Treatment: Recombinant coagulation Factor VIIa Non-genetic confirmatory testing: factor VII level Rated as 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Clinical expression of factor VII deficiency is highly variable, and no consistent relationship has been found between the severity of the hemorrhagic syndrome and the residual levels of FVII activity. Individuals can be completely asymptomatic despite a very low FVII level. A bleeding history appears more predictive of further bleeding than the factor VII level. Factor VII levels increase during pregnancy, but levels usually remain insufficient for hemostasis in severely affected cases. Individuals with no history of bleeding do not appear to be at increased risk of PPH. Heterozygotes often have approximately half-normal levels of coagulation factors and are often asymptomatic. However, up to 2% of patients with severe bleeding phenotype are heterozygotes. Consider prophylaxis using rFVIIa in certain circumstances. Long term prophylaxis should be considered for cases with a personal or family history of severe bleeding or with FVII activity <0.01 IU/ml using rFVIIa, adjusting to maintain clinical response. Short term prophylaxis should be considered for cases for neonates without a personal or family history of severe bleeding but who have FVII activity 0.01-0.05 IU/ml up to 6-12 months of age. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1701 | GLA |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: For review: screen only for males or include both?; to: Assessed as 'moderate actionability' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. In classic FD, the first symptoms, including chronic neuropathic pain and episodic severe pain crises, emerge during childhood (typically age 3-10 years). Heterozygous females typically have a later median age of onset than males (9-13 years versus 13-23 years). Rarely, females may be relatively asymptomatic and have a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as males with the classic phenotype. Cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease is present in most males by middle age while ESRD usually develops during the third to fifth decade. Renal and cardiac failure represent major sources of morbidity, and account for the reduced lifespan among affected males (50-58 years) and females (70-75 years) compared to the normal population. A systematic review of RCTs of ERT reported on nine studies of 351 FD patients; however, many of these studies reported only on the effect of ERT on levels of enzyme substrate. Data from 2 trials (n=39 males) found no statistically significant differences in plasma enzyme substrate and one trial (n=24 males) found no statistical differences in renal function between individuals treated with agalsidase alfa and placebo (up to 6-month follow-up). Similar results were seen for agalsidase beta. One trial of 26 male patients found a statistically significant difference in pain, favoring agalsidase alfa compared to placebo at 5-6 months after treatment. No trial reported on the effect of agalsidase alfa on mortality or cardiac/cerebrovascular disease. One trial of agalsidase beta (n=82 males and females) found no difference in mortality, renal function, or symptoms or complications of cardiac or cerebrovascular disease over 18 months. The long-term influence of ERT on risk of morbidity and mortality related to FD remains to be established. Migalastat, an oral chaperone drug, is recommended as an option for treatment for some patients with FD who are over 16 years with an amenable genetic variant who would usually be offered ERT. For non-amenable genotypes, migalastat may result in a net loss of alpha-Gal A activity, potentially worsening the disease condition. A systematic review evaluated 2 phase III RCTs that both included males and females. One RCT randomized patients to switch from ERT to migalastat (n = 36) or continue with ERT (n = 24) during an 18-month period with a 12-month extension in which all patients received migalastat. During the treatment period, the percentage of patients who had a renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular event or died was 29% of patients on migalastat compared to 44% of patients on ERT. However, this difference was not statistically significant. A second RCT compared migalastat (n=34) with placebo (n=33) over a 6-month period, with an 18-month extension study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in interstitial capillary inclusions of the enzyme substrate globotriaosylceramide (GL-3), which was not significantly different between groups. Results from both trials indicate that migalastat does not have a significant beneficial effect on pain, health-related quality of life outcomes, or glomerular filtration rate (results were uncertain due to large confidence intervals, small sample sizes, and/or short follow-up time). Migalastat did not influence left ventricular ejection fraction but did improve left ventricular mass over 18 months. There are a number of recommendations for surveillance and agents to avoid (amiodarone). There is no consensus as to when ERT should be started. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1699 | GATA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GATA4 were changed from Atrial septal defect 2 MIM#607941; Atrioventricular septal defect 4 MIM#614430; Ventricular septal defect 1 MIM#614429 to Neonatal diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0016391, GATA4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1697 | FGF23 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FGF23 was added gene: FGF23 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF23 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: FGF23 were set to autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets MONDO:0008660; familial hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis/hyperphosphatemic hyperostosis syndrome MONDO:0100251 Review for gene: FGF23 was set to GREEN Added comment: Mono-allelic GoF variants are associated with hypophosphataemic rickets. Onset in some is in infancy (others adolescence). Treatment: phosphate supplementation and calcitriol Non-genetic confirmatory testing: serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, alkaline phosphatase levels, urine calcium level Bi-allelic LoF variants are associated with tumoral calcinosis. Age of onset and severity are variable, but include early childhood. Treatment: dietary restriction, antacids, phosphate binders, acetazolamide, hemodialysis Non-genetic confirmatory testing: serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D serum levels, urine calcium, phosphate levels, plasma levels of the C-terminal portion of the phosphate-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1681 | COL4A5 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Natural history: In males, truncating variants in COL4A5 are associated with an earlier age at onset of kidney failure; risk of ESRD before age 30 is estimated as 90% for large rearrangements and pathogenic nonsense and frameshift variants, 70% for splice variants, and 50% for missense variants. In males, progressive SNHL is usually present by late childhood or early adolescence, and interior lenticous typically becomes apparent in late adolescence or early adulthood. In females, renal disease ranges from asymptomatic disease to lifelong microhematuria to renal failure at a young age. In females, progressive SNHL is typically later in life, lenticonus may not occur, and central retinopathy is rare. Assessed as 'strongly actionable' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Treatment: ACE inhibitors alter long-term outcomes. Males with XLAS are recommended to be treated with ACEi at diagnosis (if older than 12-24 months), even before the onset of proteinuria. Guidelines differ slightly for the initiation of treatment in females with XLAS; one guideline recommends initiation of treatment at onset of microalbuminuria while a second recommends initiation at onset of microalbuminuria, hypertension, or renal impairment. For review: screen both males and females?; to: Well established gene-disease association. Natural history: In males, truncating variants in COL4A5 are associated with an earlier age at onset of kidney failure; risk of ESRD before age 30 is estimated as 90% for large rearrangements and pathogenic nonsense and frameshift variants, 70% for splice variants, and 50% for missense variants. In males, progressive SNHL is usually present by late childhood or early adolescence, and interior lenticous typically becomes apparent in late adolescence or early adulthood. In females, renal disease ranges from asymptomatic disease to lifelong microhematuria to renal failure at a young age. In females, progressive SNHL is typically later in life, lenticonus may not occur, and central retinopathy is rare. Assessed as 'strongly actionable' in paediatric patients by ClinGen. Treatment: ACE inhibitors alter long-term outcomes. Males with XLAS are recommended to be treated with ACEi at diagnosis (if older than 12-24 months), even before the onset of proteinuria. Guidelines differ slightly for the initiation of treatment in females with XLAS; one guideline recommends initiation of treatment at onset of microalbuminuria while a second recommends initiation at onset of microalbuminuria, hypertension, or renal impairment. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1609 | PORCN | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PORCN was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1607 | PORCN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PORCN: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Focal dermal hypoplasia, MIM#305600; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1600 | POLG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLG were changed from POLG-Related Ataxia Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4A (Alpers type) MIM#203700; Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4B (MNGIE type) MIM#613662; Mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome (includes SANDO and SCAE) MIM#607459; Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, autosomal recessive 1 MIM#258450; Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, autosomal dominant 1, MIM# 157640 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1585 | PMM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PMM2 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia, MIM# 212065 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1582 | PMM2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PMM2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30740725, 31636082; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia, MIM# 212065; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1571 | PLA2G6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G6 were changed from Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1 to Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1 MIM#256600; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B MIM#610217; Parkinson disease 14, autosomal recessive MIM#612953 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1569 | PLA2G6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PLA2G6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1 MIM#256600, Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B MIM#610217, Parkinson disease 14, autosomal recessive MIM#612953; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1564 | PKD2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Onset of renal failure is generally in adulthood, though cysts are apparent earlier. Treatment: Tolvaptan; to: Well established gene-disease association. Onset of renal failure is generally in late adulthood, though cysts are apparent earlier. Treatment: Tolvaptan |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1561 | PIK3CA |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIK3CA was added gene: PIK3CA was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3CA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PIK3CA were set to 33392635; 33639990 Phenotypes for gene: PIK3CA were set to PIK3CA related overgrowth spectrum Review for gene: PIK3CA was set to AMBER Added comment: Established association with a range of overgrowth phenotypes. Note variants are SOMATIC and may not be detectable reliably. Treatment: alpelisib, miransertib. Unsure if these are available. Sources: Expert list |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1547 | PHF6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PHF6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, MIM# 301900; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1546 | PHEX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHEX was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1545 | PHEX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PHEX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29791829; Phenotypes: Hypophosphatemic rickets, MIM#307800; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1456 | REN |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Established gene-disease association. Presents as fetal anuria leading to perinatal death. No specific treatment.; to: Established gene-disease association. Bi-allelic LOF variants cause renal tubular dysgenesis, which presents as fetal anuria leading to perinatal death.. Mono-allelic variants, likely through a different mechanism (mostly missense) cause tubulointerstitial disease. More severe phenotype associated with variants that are located in the protein leader peptide and affecting its co-translational insertion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). No specific treatment for either. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1451 | CIITA |
Zornitza Stark gene: CIITA was added gene: CIITA was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CIITA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CIITA were set to Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome, type II, complementation group A MIM# 209920 Review for gene: CIITA was set to GREEN Added comment: 13 individuals of 11 unrelated families; two mouse models. Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants were identified in these individuals (missense, nonsense and splicing) resulting in premature stop codon and truncated protein, or inactive protein. Affected individuals typically present in infancy with severe (recurrent) respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections and defective MHC II expression in PBMCs Treatment: BMT. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1449 | RFXAP |
Zornitza Stark gene: RFXAP was added gene: RFXAP was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: RFXAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: RFXAP were set to Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type II, complementation group D MIM# 209920 Review for gene: RFXAP was set to GREEN Added comment: 9 unique RFXAP variants in 12 unrelated individuals have been reported; one mouse model The most frequent variant is a deletion c. delG484fsX525 which has been identified in 4 individuals of different origins (North African, Turkish and East Asian). Typically presents in infancy with recurrent bacterial infections, severe diarrhoea and failure to thrive. Treatment: BMT. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1447 | RFX5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RFX5 was added gene: RFX5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: RFX5 were set to Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type II, complementation group C MIM# 209920; Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type II, complementation group E MIM# 209920 Review for gene: RFX5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type II, complementation group C 9 individuals from 8 unrelated families; multiple mouse models Homozygous and Compound heterozygous (Nonsense, missense, splice site, single bp del) variants were reported resulting in truncated protein and loss of function. All individuals presented with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection early in life, low CD4+ cells and/or failure to thrive, chronic diarrhoea, hepatosplenomegaly and low Ig levels. ---------- Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type II, complementation group E 2 siblings (twins) reported with RPX5 variants and new BLS group E phenotype; multiple functional studies Identified homozygous missense variant (R149Q) which resulted in altered DNA-binding domain and loss of function. These histo-identical twin brothers had normal numbers of CD4 + cells and are able to mount both cellular and humoral immune responses. They displayed absence of MHC class II surface expression on B cells and mononuclear cells. Presentation is typically in infancy. Treatment: BMT. Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1425 | KARS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Variants in this gene are associated with either isolated or complex deafness with leukoencephalopathy. The deafness tends to be congenital/pre-lingual. For review, likely meets criteria though some individuals will have leukoencephalopathy which does not have a specific treatment.; to: Variants in this gene are associated with either isolated or complex deafness with leukoencephalopathy. The deafness tends to be congenital/pre-lingual. For review, likely meets criteria though some individuals will have leukoencephalopathy which does not have a specific treatment. Reviewed: significant uncertainty regarding outcome, exclude. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1425 | RYR1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established association with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. However, variants in this gene also cause a range of muscular phenotypes, for which there is no specific treatment. Association with malignant hyperthermia is rated 'strongly actionable' in children by ClinGen. MH susceptibility (MHS) is a pharmacogenetic skeletal muscle disorder where exposure to certain volatile anesthetics (i.e., desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane), either alone or with a depolarizing muscle relaxant (succinylcholine), may trigger uncontrolled skeletal muscle hypermetabolism. An MH episode may begin with hypercapnia, rapidly rising end-tidal CO2, and tachycardia followed by hyperthermia. Additional symptoms may include acidosis, muscle rigidity, compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and subsequent increased creatine kinase, hyperkalemia with a risk for cardiac arrhythmia or even arrest, and myoglobinuria with a risk for renal failure. There is mounting evidence that some individuals with MHS may also develop episodes triggered by non-anesthetic conditions such as heat and/or exercise. These non-anesthetic-induced episodes, often called MH-like syndrome, may manifest as exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). Surgical management recommendations include preparation of the anesthesia workstation to reduce or prevent exposure to triggering anesthetics (e.g., remove vaporizers from machine and replace all disposables), vigilant monitoring for signs and symptoms of MH during perioperative period, and close observation and monitoring postoperatively. MHS patients should carry identification of their susceptibility and inform those responsible for their care of their MH status. Do not use the following MH triggering drugs for MHS patients: inhaled general anesthetics (desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane) and depolarizing muscle relaxants (succinylcholine). For review.; to: Well established association with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. However, variants in this gene also cause a range of muscular phenotypes, for which there is no specific treatment. Association with malignant hyperthermia is rated 'strongly actionable' in children by ClinGen. MH susceptibility (MHS) is a pharmacogenetic skeletal muscle disorder where exposure to certain volatile anesthetics (i.e., desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane), either alone or with a depolarizing muscle relaxant (succinylcholine), may trigger uncontrolled skeletal muscle hypermetabolism. An MH episode may begin with hypercapnia, rapidly rising end-tidal CO2, and tachycardia followed by hyperthermia. Additional symptoms may include acidosis, muscle rigidity, compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and subsequent increased creatine kinase, hyperkalemia with a risk for cardiac arrhythmia or even arrest, and myoglobinuria with a risk for renal failure. There is mounting evidence that some individuals with MHS may also develop episodes triggered by non-anesthetic conditions such as heat and/or exercise. These non-anesthetic-induced episodes, often called MH-like syndrome, may manifest as exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). Surgical management recommendations include preparation of the anesthesia workstation to reduce or prevent exposure to triggering anesthetics (e.g., remove vaporizers from machine and replace all disposables), vigilant monitoring for signs and symptoms of MH during perioperative period, and close observation and monitoring postoperatively. MHS patients should carry identification of their susceptibility and inform those responsible for their care of their MH status. Do not use the following MH triggering drugs for MHS patients: inhaled general anesthetics (desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane) and depolarizing muscle relaxants (succinylcholine). |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1423 | DMD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DMD were changed from Becker muscular dystrophy; Duchenne muscular dystrophy, MIM# 310200; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Cardiomyopathy, dilated to Duchenne muscular dystrophy MIM#310200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1411 | SNAP25 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SNAP25 were changed from Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18, MIM# 616330 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SNAP25-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1408 | SNAP25 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SNAP25: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301347; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SNAP25-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1401 | RPS15 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RPS15 were changed from Diamond-Blackfan anaemia to Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, MONDO:0015253, RPS15-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1341 | SLC46A1 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SLC46A1 were changed from Folate malabsorption, hereditary, MIM# to Folate malabsorption, hereditary, MIM# 229050 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1340 | SLC46A1 |
Seb Lunke changed review comment from: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, metabolic disorders Treatment: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-formylTHF, folinic acid, Leucovorin) or the active isomer of 5-formylTHF (Isovorin or Fusilev) Parenteral (intramuscular) or high-dose oral Non-genetic confirmatory test: CSF and serum folate levels; to: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, metabolic disorder Treatment: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-formylTHF, folinic acid, Leucovorin) or the active isomer of 5-formylTHF (Isovorin or Fusilev) Parenteral (intramuscular) or high-dose oral Non-genetic confirmatory test: CSF and serum folate levels |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1340 | SLC46A1 |
Seb Lunke changed review comment from: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, Treatment: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-formylTHF, folinic acid, Leucovorin) or the active isomer of 5-formylTHF (Isovorin or Fusilev) Parenteral (intramuscular) or high-dose oral Non-genetic confirmatory test: CSF and serum folate levels; to: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, metabolic disorders Treatment: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-formylTHF, folinic acid, Leucovorin) or the active isomer of 5-formylTHF (Isovorin or Fusilev) Parenteral (intramuscular) or high-dose oral Non-genetic confirmatory test: CSF and serum folate levels |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1340 | SLC46A1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC46A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301716; Phenotypes: Folate malabsorption, hereditary, MIM# 229050; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1335 | SLC39A8 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC39A8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28722865; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIn , MIM#16721; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1333 | SLC37A4 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SLC37A4 were changed from Glycogen storage disease Ib, MIM#232220 to Glycogen storage disease Ib, MIM# 232220; Glycogen storage disease Ic, MIM# 232240; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIw, MIM# 619525 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1331 | SLC37A4 |
Seb Lunke edited their review of gene: SLC37A4: Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, metabolic disorder Treatment: corn starch, nighttime intragastric continuous glucose infusion, allopurinol, statin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), empagliflozin Non-genetic confirmatory test: no; Changed phenotypes: Glycogen storage disease Ib, MIM# 232220, Glycogen storage disease Ic, MIM# 232240, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIw, MIM# 619525 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1315 | SLC35C1 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SLC35C1 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation 2c to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIc, MIM# 266265, MONDO:0009953 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1312 | SLC35C1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC35C1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29702557; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIc, MIM# 266265, MONDO:0009953; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1312 | SLC35A2 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SLC35A2 were changed from Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIm, MIM #300896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1309 | SLC35A2 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC35A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32103184; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIm, MIM #300896; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1308 | SLC30A10 |
Seb Lunke gene: SLC30A10 was added gene: SLC30A10 was added to gNBS. Sources: Literature for review tags were added to gene: SLC30A10. Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC30A10 were set to 31089831 Phenotypes for gene: SLC30A10 were set to Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 1, MIM# 613280 Review for gene: SLC30A10 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, usually in first decade and multiple under 5 (youngest 2). Multi-system disorder Treatment: manganese chelation therapy with EDTA-CaNa2 accepted as effective, other treatments under investigation. Non-genetic confirmatory test: Mn level Sources: Literature |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1306 | SLC39A14 |
Seb Lunke gene: SLC39A14 was added gene: SLC39A14 was added to gNBS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC39A14 were set to 31089831 Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A14 were set to Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2, MIM# 617013 Review for gene: SLC39A14 was set to AMBER Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, multi-system disorder Treatment: manganese chelation therapy with EDTA-CaNa2 with strong improvements in one patient, less effective in multiple others. Age of treatment start (earlier = better) and genotype may impact outcome. Non-genetic confirmatory test: Mn level Sources: Literature |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1303 | GLA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GLA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Fabry disease (MIM# 301500); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1272 | PIGA | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: PIGA: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32256299, PMID: 24706016, PMID: 25885527, PMID: 24259184; Phenotypes: hypotonia, infantile epileptic encephalopathy, facial dysmorphism; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1272 | IDS | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: IDS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30143438, PMID: 33004112; Phenotypes: coarse facial features, cardiac valve involvement, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomyopathy, airway obstruction, hydrocephalus, SNHL, dysostosis multiplex, kyphoscoliosis, progressive cognitive decline; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1272 | HSD17B10 | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: HSD17B10: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 22127393; Phenotypes: cardiomyopathy, early-onset intractable seizures, progressive choreoathetosis, spastic tetraplegia, optic atrophy, retinal degeneration, intellectual disability; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1272 | HPRT1 | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: HPRT1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 18067674; Phenotypes: kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, gout, dystonia, choreoathetosis, ballismus, cognitive impairment, self-injurious behaviour, megaloblastic anaemia; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1255 | SLC5A7 |
Seb Lunke gene: SLC5A7 was added gene: SLC5A7 was added to gNBS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC5A7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC5A7 were set to 20301347 Phenotypes for gene: SLC5A7 were set to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 20, presynaptic, MIM# 617143 Review for gene: SLC5A7 was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, severe neuromuscular disorder (recessive disease) Treatment: Salbutamol, Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors Non-genetic confirmatory test: repetitive nerve stimulation test Sources: Literature |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1230 | HK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HK1 were changed from Hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency; Haemolytic anaemia due to hexokinase deficiency , MIM#235700 to Hyperinsulinism MONDO:0002177, HK1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1227 | HK1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Hyperinsulinism MONDO:0002177, HK1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1219 | KCNJ2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ2 were changed from Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis to Andersen syndrome MIM#170390; Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9 MIM#613980; Short QT syndrome 3 MIM#609622 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1217 | KCNJ2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KCNJ2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Andersen syndrome MIM#170390, Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9 MIM#613980, Short QT syndrome 3 MIM#609622; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1215 | KBTBD13 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KBTBD13 were changed from Nemaline myopathy to Nemaline myopathy 6, autosomal dominant, MIM# 609273; Hereditary motor neuropathy late-onset; limb girdle muscular dystrophy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1212 | KBTBD13 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KBTBD13: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Nemaline myopathy 6, autosomal dominant, MIM# 609273, Hereditary motor neuropathy late-onset, limb girdle muscular dystrophy; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1201 | HDAC8 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HDAC8 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1199 | HDAC8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HDAC8: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cornelia de Lange syndrome 5, MIM# 300882; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1195 | GJB1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GJB1 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1193 | GJB1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GJB1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, X-linked dominant, 1, MIM# 302800; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1190 | SLC16A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC16A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency, MIM# 616095; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1158 | SLC16A1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC16A1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301549; Phenotypes: Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency, MIM# 616095; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1157 | SLC13A5 |
Seb Lunke gene: SLC13A5 was added gene: SLC13A5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Literature for review tags were added to gene: SLC13A5. Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC13A5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC13A5 were set to 29895383 Phenotypes for gene: SLC13A5 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 25, with amelogenesis imperfecta MIM#615905 Review for gene: SLC13A5 was set to AMBER Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Childhood onset, neurological condition Treatment: Ketogenic diet, stiripentol effective in one study of three related patients Non-genetic confirmatory test: plasma and CSF citrate levels Sources: Literature |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1154 | TNFRSF11A |
Lilian Downie changed review comment from: strong gene disease association Infant onset osteopetrosis and immunodeficiency No treatment NB AD phenotype has later onset; to: strong gene disease association Infant onset osteopetrosis and immunodeficiency Treatment bone marrow transplant NB AD phenotype has later onset |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1154 | HCFC1 | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: HCFC1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 20301503, PMID: 26893841, PMID: 35337626; Phenotypes: nonimmune hydrops, cardiomyopathy, intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, global dev delay, ID, seizures; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1151 | COL11A1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Mono-allelic variants in this gene cause Stickler syndrome, as well as isolated post-lingual deafness, and the rare Marshall syndrome. There is some genotype-phenotype correlation. Treatment: ocular surveillance and surgery to prevent retinal detachment For review; to: Mono-allelic variants in this gene cause Stickler syndrome, as well as isolated post-lingual deafness, and the rare Marshall syndrome. There is some genotype-phenotype correlation. Treatment: ocular surveillance and surgery to prevent retinal detachment. Usually after age 2-3 years. Discussed with ophthalmology: would start glaucoma surveillance in first year of life. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1148 | SLC25A19 |
Seb Lunke gene: SLC25A19 was added gene: SLC25A19 was added to gNBS. Sources: Literature for review tags were added to gene: SLC25A19. Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC25A19 were set to 31095747 Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A19 were set to Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 4 (progressive polyneuropathy type), MIM#613710 Review for gene: SLC25A19 was set to AMBER Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Onset of acute encephalopathic attacks in childhood (3 to 7 years) often after febrile illness, full recovery after attacks. Onset of chronic progressive polyneuropathy in late childhood. Treatment: 5 patients treated with thiamine supplementation, which led to a substantial improvement in peripheral neuropathy and gait in early treated patients Non-genetic confirmatory test: No Sources: Literature |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1118 | GCM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GCM2 was added gene: GCM2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: GCM2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GCM2 were set to 27745835; 20190276; 34967908; 35038313 Phenotypes for gene: GCM2 were set to Hyperparathyroidism 4, OMIM #617343; Hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated 2, OMIM #618883 Review for gene: GCM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Well established association. GoF for AD hyperparathyroidism, and LoF for AR hypoparathyroidism. Variable age of onset. Treatment for hypoPTH: calcium carbonate, calcitriol. HyperPTH: surgery? Non-genetic confirmatory tests: calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone Sources: Expert Review |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1093 | KDM6A | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM6A was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1091 | KDM6A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KDM6A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Kabuki syndrome 2, 300867; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1005 | FLNA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FLNA were changed from Otopalatodigital spectrum disorder to FLNA-related disorders; Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 305620; Otopalatodigital syndrome, type II -304120; Osteodysplasty Melnick Needles 309350; Melnick Needles syndrome 309350; Otopalatodigital syndrome, type II 304120; Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 305620; Terminal osseous dysplasia 300244; Otopalatodigital syndrome, type I -311300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1003 | FLNA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FLNA: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: FLNA-related disorders, Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 305620, Otopalatodigital syndrome, type II -304120, Osteodysplasty Melnick Needles 309350, Melnick Needles syndrome 309350, Otopalatodigital syndrome, type II 304120, Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 305620, Terminal osseous dysplasia 300244, Otopalatodigital syndrome, type I -311300; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.1003 | FOXA2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FOXA2 were changed from Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms, ORPHA:95494; Congenital isolated hyperinsulinism, ORPHA:657 to Hyperinsulinism MONDO:0002177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.992 | FOXP3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FOXP3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, X-linked , MIM#304790; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.983 | FTL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FTL were changed from Neuroferritinopathy to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 3, MIM# 606159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.981 | FTL | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FTL: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 3, MIM# 606159; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.950 | GLDC |
John Christodoulou changed review comment from: causes nonketotic hyperglycaemia classical form presents in the neonatal period and treatments (eg sodium benzoate and NDMA receptor antagonists) do not alter the neurological trajectory milder forms of the disorder (later onset, but still in early childhood), may show response to therapy (PMID: 21411353); potentially aided by phenotype-genotype correlations (PMID: 32421718); to: causes nonketotic hyperglycaemia classical form presents in the neonatal period and treatments (eg sodium benzoate and NDMA receptor antagonists) do not alter the neurological trajectory milder forms of the disorder (later onset, but still in early childhood), may show response to therapy (PMID: 21411353); potentially aided by phenotype-genotype correlations (PMID: 32421718) |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.950 | GLA | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: GLA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30017653; Phenotypes: neuropathic pain, cardiomyopathy, cataract, agniokeratomata, deafness, hypohidrosis, stroke, renal failure; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.946 | ENPP1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants: GACI: well established gene-disease association, multiple families and mouse models. Hypophosphataemic rickets: multiple families reported, some with features of GACI. Reported variants are spread throughout the phosphodiesterase catalytic domain and nuclease-like domain. No genotype-phenotype correlation, variability even within the same family. These likely represent a spectrum of a single disorder, rather than two distinct disorders. Should be able to distinguish clinically. Treatment: etidronate, anti-hypertensive, calcitriol and oral phosphate supplements; to: Bi-allelic variants: GACI: well established gene-disease association, multiple families and mouse models. Hypophosphataemic rickets: multiple families reported, some with features of GACI. Reported variants are spread throughout the phosphodiesterase catalytic domain and nuclease-like domain. No genotype-phenotype correlation, variability even within the same family. These likely represent a spectrum of a single disorder, rather than two distinct disorders. Should be able to distinguish clinically. Onset is congenital/early infancy. Treatment: etidronate, anti-hypertensive, calcitriol and oral phosphate supplements |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.914 | ENG |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene disease association. Clingen: strong actionability in adults Although HHT is a developmental disorder and infants are occasionally severely affected, in most people the features are age-dependent and the diagnosis is not suspected until adolescence or later. The average age of onset for epistaxis is 12 years, with 50-80% of patients affected before the age of 20 and 78-96% developing it eventually. Most patients report the appearance of telangiectasia of the mouth, face, or hands 5-30 years after the onset of nose bleeds, most commonly during the third decade. GI bleeding, when present, usually presents in the 5th or 6th decades of life. Patients rarely develop significant GI bleeding before 40 years of age. Women are affected with GI bleeding in a ratio of 2-3:1. AVMs of the brain are typically present at birth, whereas those in the lung and liver typically develop over time. Hemorrhage is often the presenting symptom of cerebral AVMs, while visceral AVMs may cause transient ischemic attacks, embolic stroke, and cerebral or other abscesses. Hepatic AVMs can present as high-output heart failure, portal hypertension, or biliary disease. However, screening guidelines recommend screening for cerebral AVMs in first 6 months of life or at diagnosis (MRI). For review.; to: Well established gene disease association. Clingen: strong actionability in adults Although HHT is a developmental disorder and infants are occasionally severely affected, in most people the features are age-dependent and the diagnosis is not suspected until adolescence or later. The average age of onset for epistaxis is 12 years, with 50-80% of patients affected before the age of 20 and 78-96% developing it eventually. Most patients report the appearance of telangiectasia of the mouth, face, or hands 5-30 years after the onset of nose bleeds, most commonly during the third decade. GI bleeding, when present, usually presents in the 5th or 6th decades of life. Patients rarely develop significant GI bleeding before 40 years of age. Women are affected with GI bleeding in a ratio of 2-3:1. AVMs of the brain are typically present at birth, whereas those in the lung and liver typically develop over time. Hemorrhage is often the presenting symptom of cerebral AVMs, while visceral AVMs may cause transient ischemic attacks, embolic stroke, and cerebral or other abscesses. Hepatic AVMs can present as high-output heart failure, portal hypertension, or biliary disease. However, screening guidelines recommend screening for cerebral AVMs in first 6 months of life or at diagnosis (MRI). Management guidelines also suggest screening in asymptomatic children for pulmonary AVMs, PMID 32894695. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.861 | GFM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GFM1 were changed from Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1 to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1, MIM#609060 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.859 | GFM1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GFM1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1, MIM#609060; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.851 | GFM1 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: GFM1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1, MIM#609060; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.847 | DCX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DCX: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Lissencephaly, X-linked, MIM# 300067, Subcortical laminal heterotopia, X-linked 300067; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.845 | COL4A5 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL4A5 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.844 | COL4A5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COL4A5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Alport syndrome 1, X-linked, MIM# 301050; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.813 | TTPA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTPA were changed from Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency to Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency MIM#277460 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.811 | TTR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTR were changed from Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related to Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related MIM#105210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.802 | TTPA | Lilian Downie reviewed gene: TTPA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 20301419, PMID: 25614784, PMID: 20464573, PMID: 16491382; Phenotypes: Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency MIM#277460; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.802 | TTR | Lilian Downie reviewed gene: TTR: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 20301373, PMID: 3032328, PMID: 29972753, PMID: 29972757; Phenotypes: Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related MIM#105210; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.787 | PCBD1 |
John Christodoulou changed review comment from: is on the current VCGS newborn screening panel; to: is on the current VCGS newborn screening panel by virtue of phenylalanine being the primary first tier metabolite that is analysed. Hyperphenylalaninaemia when present in the newborn is transient. There doesn’t appear to be cognitive impairment if untreated, but some individuals develop diabetes and/or mild hypomagnesaemia later in adolescence. There does not appear to be any evidence that any treatments in infancy would have an effect on these two late effects. See: PMID: 32456656 So, I think we can take this one off the list. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.746 | PANK2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PANK2 were changed from Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 (aka Hallervorden-Spatz disease), OMIM 234200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.735 | PDHA1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDHA1 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.734 | PDHA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PDHA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency, MIM# 312170; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.719 | PANK2 | David Amor reviewed gene: PANK2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 (aka Hallervorden-Spatz disease), OMIM 234200; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.719 | P2RY12 | David Amor reviewed gene: P2RY12: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: 609821, Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 8; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.719 | PHKA2 | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: PHKA2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30659246; Phenotypes: hepatomegaly, short stature, liver dysfunction, hypoglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, hyperlipidemia, fasting ketosis, mild motor delay; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.719 | PGM1 | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: PGM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32681750; Phenotypes: cleft lip, bifid uvula, hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, exercise intolerance, increased serum creatine kinase, rhabdomyolysis, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.719 | PDHA1 | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: PDHA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: lactic acidosis, porencephaly, ID, seizures, dystonia; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.719 | OTC | John Christodoulou reviewed gene: OTC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: hyperammonaemia, encephalopathy, liver failure; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.716 | SLC16A2 | Seb Lunke Added comment: Comment on list classification: Not eligible now but have to check back on trial later | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.681 | COG5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG5 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIi to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIi, MIM# 613612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.679 | COG5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG5: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIi, MIM# 613612; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.673 | DPAGT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants cause either multi-system CDG or congenital myasthenia graves. Difficult to predict phenotype from genotype but MG may be responsive to treatment. Phenotype may already be apparent in newborn period so clinical correlation possible.; to: Bi-allelic variants cause either multi-system CDG or congenital myasthenia gravis. Difficult to predict phenotype from genotype but MG may be responsive to treatment. Phenotype may already be apparent in newborn period so clinical correlation possible. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.670 | OTOA |
David Amor changed review comment from: Gene-disease association: strong. Note that large deletions are relatively common - will we detect by WGS? Severity: moderate to severe prelingual sensorineural recessive deafness Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: audiology Treatment: symptomatic only therefore exclude; to: Gene-disease association: strong. Note that large deletions are relatively common - will we detect by WGS? Severity: moderate to severe prelingual sensorineural recessive deafness Age of onset: congenital Non-molecular confirmatory testing: audiology Treatment: HA, CI. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.670 | OTC | David Amor reviewed gene: OTC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: 311250 Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.667 | MEN1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: For review re age of onset; to: For review re age of onset: surveillance starts age 5, disease onset generally later. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.664 | ETFB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis; to: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis Predominantly neonatal onset. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.662 | LDLR |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: ClinGen: 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients. For review as clinical manifestations are typically in adulthood. Statin therapy is recommended to be initiated as early as 8-12 years of age. However, there is also a severe, bi-allelic form with onset in early childhood. Elevated LDL-C levels can be detected from infancy and strongly predispose patients with FH to progressive atherosclerosis throughout childhood and premature CVD in adulthood. Although complications of atherosclerosis occur most commonly in individuals aged >50, the pathophysiological processes begin in childhood and are affected by additional risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity. By 12 years of age, children with FH have significant thickening of the carotid intima-media, and by 18 years have coronary stenosis. In natural history studies, 50% of males and 25% of females with FH develop clinical CVD by age 50 years, but up to 10% can have severe premature CVD by 40 years of age. On average, individuals with HeFH experience their first coronary event at age 42, 20 years younger than the general population. Statins have changed the prognosis of FH such that the rates of cardiovascular (CV) events are equal to the general population after 10 years of treatment.; to: ClinGen: 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients. For review as clinical manifestations are typically in adulthood. Statin therapy is recommended to be initiated as early as 8-12 years of age. However, there is also a severe, bi-allelic form with onset in early childhood. Elevated LDL-C levels can be detected from infancy and strongly predispose patients with FH to progressive atherosclerosis throughout childhood and premature CVD in adulthood. Although complications of atherosclerosis occur most commonly in individuals aged >50, the pathophysiological processes begin in childhood and are affected by additional risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity. By 12 years of age, children with FH have significant thickening of the carotid intima-media, and by 18 years have coronary stenosis. In natural history studies, 50% of males and 25% of females with FH develop clinical CVD by age 50 years, but up to 10% can have severe premature CVD by 40 years of age. On average, individuals with HeFH experience their first coronary event at age 42, 20 years younger than the general population. Statins have changed the prognosis of FH such that the rates of cardiovascular (CV) events are equal to the general population after 10 years of treatment. Include bi-allelic disease in gNBS. Continue considering if and when mono-allelic disease should be included. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.661 | DPAGT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants cause either multi-system CDG or congenital myasthenia graves. Difficult to predict phenotype from genotype but MG may be responsive to treatment. For review.; to: Bi-allelic variants cause either multi-system CDG or congenital myasthenia graves. Difficult to predict phenotype from genotype but MG may be responsive to treatment. Phenotype may already be apparent in newborn period so clinical correlation possible. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.660 | COQ8B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Disease onset typically between ages 10 and 20 years, although several had earlier onset, including 1 patient with onset in the first year of life. Treatment: CoQ10 supplementation, improves nephrotic features For review: re age of onset; to: Well established gene-disease association. Disease onset typically between ages 10 and 20 years, although several had earlier onset, including 1 patient with onset in the first year of life. Treatment: CoQ10 supplementation, improves nephrotic features For review: re age of onset -- predominantly later onset, so not included |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.603 | CD79A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least 5 unrelated families. Presents in infancy. Treatment: immunoglobulin replacement.; to: At least 5 unrelated families. Presents in infancy with severe recurrent infections. Treatment: immunoglobulin replacement. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.591 | GCK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GCK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, AD (MIM#125853), Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 1, AR (MIM#606176), Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, AD (MIM#602485), MODY, type II, AD (MIM#125851); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.586 | COQ7 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Four families reported. Treatment: CoQ10 supplementation can limit disease progression and reverse some clinical manifestations.; to: Four families reported only. Treatment: CoQ10 supplementation can limit disease progression and reverse some clinical manifestations. However this advice applies to the whole group of related conditions, and data on this particular condition in terms of natural history and response to treatment is currently limited. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.585 | CBS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen. Note excluded from reproductive carrier screening tests due to poor mappability, for review.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen. Note excluded from reproductive carrier screening tests due to poor mappability: downgraded to Amber for now. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.567 | CASK | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CASK was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.565 | CASK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CASK: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: FG syndrome 4 MIM#300422, Intellectual developmental disorder and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia MIM#300749, Mental retardation, with or without nystagmus MIM#300422; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.541 | DPAGT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DPAGT1 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, MIM#614750 to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, MIM# 608093; DPAGT1-CDG MONDO:0011964; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates, MIM# 614750 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.540 | DPAGT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DPAGT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, MIM# 608093, DPAGT1-CDG MONDO:0011964, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates, MIM# 614750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.539 | DOLK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DOLK: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Im, MIM# 610768; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.502 | GAA |
Alison Yeung changed review comment from: Well establishes gene-disease association Onset: Classic infantile form causes cardiomyopathy and severe hypotonia in infancy (<1 year); Late-onset form causes severe weakness and respiratory insufficiency with onset after 12 months; Adult form presents with progressive myopathy Severity: Infantile form fatal in first year of life if untreated Treatment: Enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa prior to 6 months of age prolongs survival, reduces cardiac size and allows acquisition of motor skills; to: Well establishes gene-disease association Onset: Classic infantile form causes cardiomyopathy and severe hypotonia in infancy (<1 year); Late-onset form causes severe weakness and respiratory insufficiency with onset after 12 months; Adult form presents with progressive myopathy Severity: Infantile form fatal in first year of life if untreated Treatment: Enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa prior to 6 months of age prolongs survival, reduces cardiac size and allows acquisition of motor skills Non-molecular confirmatory test: enzyme activity analysis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.438 | OFD1 | David Amor reviewed gene: OFD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Orofaciodigital syndrome I; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.436 | NGLY1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NGLY1 were changed from Developmental delay, multifocal epilepsy & abnormal liver function to Congenital disorder of deglycosylation, MIM# 615273 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.434 | NGLY1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NGLY1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of deglycosylation, MIM# 615273; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.402 | MYH7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MYH7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1S, MIM# 613426 MONDO:0013262, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 1, MIM# 192600, Laing distal myopathy, MIM# 160500, Myopathy, myosin storage, autosomal dominant, MIM# 608358, Myopathy, myosin storage, autosomal recessive, MIM# 255160; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.368 | MPI | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MPI were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation 1b to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ib, MIM# 602579 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.366 | MPI | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MPI: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ib, MIM# 602579; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.366 | MPDU1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MPDU1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If, MIM# 609180; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.361 | ZAP70 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ZAP70 were changed from ZAP70-related severe combined immunodeficiency to Immunodeficiency MIM#176947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.328 | MGAT2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MGAT2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIa, MIM# 212066; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.315 | MECP2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MECP2 were changed from Rett syndrome to MECP2-related disorders Rett syndrome, MIM# 312750 Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 13, MIM# 300055 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.314 | MECP2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MECP2 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.312 | MECP2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MECP2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: MECP2-related disorders Rett syndrome, MIM# 312750 Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 13, MIM# 300055; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.288 | BTK |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Childhood onset. Treatable with IVIG.; to: Well established gene-disease association with isolated agammaglobulinaemia. At least 3 families reported with associated GH deficiency, which is also treatable. Childhood onset. Treatable with IVIG. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.288 | BTK | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BTK: Changed phenotypes: Agammaglobulinaemia, X-linked 1, MIM# 300755, Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type III, with agammaglobulinaemia, MIM# 307200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.288 | BCS1L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BCS1L were changed from Complex 3 deficiency to Bjornstad syndrome, MIM# 262000; Leigh syndrome, MIM# 256000; BCS1L-related mitochondrial disease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.286 | BCS1L | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BCS1L: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Bjornstad syndrome, MIM# 262000, Leigh syndrome, MIM# 256000, BCS1L-related mitochondrial disease; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 | ETFA |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis; to: Well established gene-disease association. Glutaric aciduria II (GA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I in that multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. The heterogeneous clinical features of MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies (type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic aciduria in those with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress. Treatment: riboflavin, carnitine, glycine, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, fat restriction, avoidance of fasting, and a diet rich in carbohydrates, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate (PMID 31904027) Non-genetic confirmatory tests: plasma acylcarnitine profile, urine organic acid analysis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 | NKX2-1 | David Amor reviewed gene: NKX2-1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Choreoathetosis and congenital hypothyroidism with or without pulmonary dysfunction, NKX2-1-Related Disorders; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 | NGLY1 | David Amor reviewed gene: NGLY1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1 (NGLY1-Related Congenital Disorder of Deglycosylation); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 | MPI | David Amor reviewed gene: MPI: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32266963, 19101627; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation 1b; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.274 | MPDU1 | David Amor reviewed gene: MPDU1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.271 | HADHA |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Clinical presentation is characterised by early-onset cardiomyopathy, hypoglycaemia, neuropathy, and pigmentary retinopathy, and sudden death Treatment: IV glucose during acute episodes, avoid fasting, carnitine, restrict LCFA, bezafibrate, triheptanoin; to: Well established gene-disease association. Clinically, classic trifunctional protein deficiency can be classified into 3 main clinical phenotypes: neonatal onset of a severe, lethal condition resulting in sudden unexplained infant death, infantile onset of a hepatic Reye-like syndrome, and late-adolescent onset of primarily a skeletal myopathy. Treatment: IV glucose during acute episodes, avoid fasting, carnitine, restrict LCFA, bezafibrate, triheptanoin |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.270 | MECP2 | David Amor reviewed gene: MECP2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Rett syndrome; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.270 | CBS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Multi-system disorder, onset in infancy. In general, individuals appear normal at birth but have a progressive disease course if untreated. Clinical features typically manifest in the first or second decade of life. Intellectual disability may be the first recognizable sign and may present as developmental delay after the first to second year of life. Myopia typically occurs after age one with the majority of untreated individuals developing ectopia lentis by age 8. Roughly half of patients show signs of osteoporosis by their teens. Cerebrovascular events typically manifest during young adulthood, though they have been reported earlier. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. Among B₆-responsive individuals, a vascular event in adolescence or adulthood is often the presenting feature. Treatment: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), methionine-restricted diet, folate, vitamin B12, betaine. Management guidelines PMID 27778219. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: plasma total homocysteine and plasma amino acids Paediatric actionable gene by ClinGen. Note excluded from reproductive carrier screening tests due to poor mappability, for review. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.229 | MBTPS2 | David Amor reviewed gene: MBTPS2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: IFAP syndrome: ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP syndrome); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.222 | LDLR |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: ClinGen: 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients. For review as clinical manifestations are typically in adulthood. Statin therapy is recommended to be initiated as early as 8-12 years of age. Elevated LDL-C levels can be detected from infancy and strongly predispose patients with FH to progressive atherosclerosis throughout childhood and premature CVD in adulthood. Although complications of atherosclerosis occur most commonly in individuals aged >50, the pathophysiological processes begin in childhood and are affected by additional risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity. By 12 years of age, children with FH have significant thickening of the carotid intima-media, and by 18 years have coronary stenosis. In natural history studies, 50% of males and 25% of females with FH develop clinical CVD by age 50 years, but up to 10% can have severe premature CVD by 40 years of age. On average, individuals with HeFH experience their first coronary event at age 42, 20 years younger than the general population. Statins have changed the prognosis of FH such that the rates of cardiovascular (CV) events are equal to the general population after 10 years of treatment.; to: ClinGen: 'strong actionability' in paediatric patients. For review as clinical manifestations are typically in adulthood. Statin therapy is recommended to be initiated as early as 8-12 years of age. However, there is also a severe, bi-allelic form with onset in early childhood. Elevated LDL-C levels can be detected from infancy and strongly predispose patients with FH to progressive atherosclerosis throughout childhood and premature CVD in adulthood. Although complications of atherosclerosis occur most commonly in individuals aged >50, the pathophysiological processes begin in childhood and are affected by additional risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity. By 12 years of age, children with FH have significant thickening of the carotid intima-media, and by 18 years have coronary stenosis. In natural history studies, 50% of males and 25% of females with FH develop clinical CVD by age 50 years, but up to 10% can have severe premature CVD by 40 years of age. On average, individuals with HeFH experience their first coronary event at age 42, 20 years younger than the general population. Statins have changed the prognosis of FH such that the rates of cardiovascular (CV) events are equal to the general population after 10 years of treatment. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.213 | LAMP2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMP2 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.211 | LAMP2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LAMP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Danon disease, MIM# 300257; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.205 | LTBP4 | David Amor reviewed gene: LTBP4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: LTBP4-related cutis laxa; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.199 | LAMP2 | David Amor reviewed gene: LAMP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Danon disease - cardiomyopathy, retinal disease, cognitive dysfunction; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.195 | BICD2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BICD2 were changed from Congenital spinal muscular atrophy to Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2A, autosomal dominant, MIM# 615290; MONDO:0014121; Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2B, autosomal dominant, MIM# 618291; Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), BICD2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.191 | BICD2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BICD2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23664116, 23664119, 23664120, 27751653, 28635954, 30054298, 29528393, 35896821; Phenotypes: Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2A, autosomal dominant, MIM# 615290, MONDO:0014121, Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2B, autosomal dominant, MIM# 618291, Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), BICD2-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.171 | ALG9 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG9: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28932688, 25966638, 26453364, 30676690; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776, Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, MIM# 263210, Polycystic kidney disease; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.171 | ALG8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG8 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.169 | ALG8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG8: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.169 | ALG6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG6 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic (MIM#603147) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.167 | ALG6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic (MIM#603147); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.167 | ALG3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG3 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Id to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Id, MIM# 601110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.165 | ALG3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Id 601110; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.165 | ALG12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG12 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ig to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ig, MIM# 607143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.163 | ALG12 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG12: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ig, MIM# 607143; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.163 | ALG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG1 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik 608540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.161 | ALG1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik 608540; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.161 | ATP7A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. ATP7A-related copper transport disorders are classically separated in three pathologies according to their severity, all inherited in an X-linked recessive manner: Menkes disease (MD, OMIM #309400) which represent more than 90% of cases; occipital Horn Syndrome (OHS, OMIM #304150) and ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy also named X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy-3 (SMAX3, OMIM #300489). Although there is no clear cut correlation between Cu and ceruloplasmin levels in ATP7A related disorders, these three entities probably represent a continuum partly depending on residual functional ATP7A protein. Menkes disease typically presents in infancy, and if untreated is fatal. Typical age at diagnosis is ~8 months. Females are typically asymptomatic. In Australia, the birth incidence of MD is reported to be much higher (1/40,000-100,000 cf 1 in 300,000 elsewhere), which may be due to a founder effect Treatment: subcutaneous injections of copper histidine or copper chloride ClinGen has assessed as moderate evidence for actionability. Neonatal treatment with subcutaneous copper-histidine (initiated before 30 days of life) is recommended for asymptomatic males with a diagnosis of MD, but is not recommended for symptomatic boys or after 30 days of life. Treatment should be continued indefinitely. In an open-label clinical trial, 12 patients with MD treated with copper-histidine within 22 days of life had 92% survival after a mean follow-up of 4.6 years compared to 13% in a historical control group of 15 patients treated after a late diagnosis (mean age at diagnosis: 163 ± 113 days, range: 42 to 390). Two of the 12 patients with earlier treatment had normal neurological development. A second open-label trial of 35 presymptomatic patients receiving copper-histidine at less than a month of age reported significant improvement of four major neurodevelopmental (gross motor, fine motor/adaptive, personal/social, and language) domains and a non-significant lower mortality (28.5% vs 50%) at age of 3 years (or age of death) compared to 22 patients treated later and after onset of symptoms.; to: Well established gene-disease association. ATP7A-related copper transport disorders are classically separated in three pathologies according to their severity, all inherited in an X-linked recessive manner: Menkes disease (MD, OMIM #309400) which represent more than 90% of cases; occipital Horn Syndrome (OHS, OMIM #304150) and ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy also named X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy-3 (SMAX3, OMIM #300489). Although there is no clear cut correlation between Cu and ceruloplasmin levels in ATP7A related disorders, these three entities probably represent a continuum partly depending on residual functional ATP7A protein. Menkes disease typically presents in infancy, and if untreated is fatal. Typical age at diagnosis is ~8 months. Females are typically asymptomatic. In Australia, the birth incidence of MD is reported to be much higher (1/40,000-100,000 cf 1 in 300,000 elsewhere), which may be due to a founder effect. Non-genetic confirmatory testing: serum ceruloplasmin and copper, plasma catechols Treatment: subcutaneous injections of copper histidine or copper chloride ClinGen has assessed as moderate evidence for actionability. Neonatal treatment with subcutaneous copper-histidine (initiated before 30 days of life) is recommended for asymptomatic males with a diagnosis of MD, but is not recommended for symptomatic boys or after 30 days of life. Treatment should be continued indefinitely. In an open-label clinical trial, 12 patients with MD treated with copper-histidine within 22 days of life had 92% survival after a mean follow-up of 4.6 years compared to 13% in a historical control group of 15 patients treated after a late diagnosis (mean age at diagnosis: 163 ± 113 days, range: 42 to 390). Two of the 12 patients with earlier treatment had normal neurological development. A second open-label trial of 35 presymptomatic patients receiving copper-histidine at less than a month of age reported significant improvement of four major neurodevelopmental (gross motor, fine motor/adaptive, personal/social, and language) domains and a non-significant lower mortality (28.5% vs 50%) at age of 3 years (or age of death) compared to 22 patients treated later and after onset of symptoms. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.125 | ARPC1B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ARPC1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28368018, 33679784; Phenotypes: Platelet abnormalities with eosinophilia and immune-mediated inflammatory disease, MIM# 617718; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.74 | ALS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALS2 were changed from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to Infantile onset ascending spastic paralysis (MIM#607225); Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (MIM#205100); Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (MIM#606353) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.72 | ALS2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALS2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Infantile onset ascending spastic paralysis (MIM#607225), Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (MIM#205100), Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (MIM#606353); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.70 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG14 were changed from Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates, MIM#616227 to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227; Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031; Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy, MIM# 619036; Disorder of N-glycosylation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.68 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG14: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227, Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031, Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy, MIM# 619036, Disorder of N-glycosylation; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.68 | ADGRG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADGRG1 were changed from Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal to Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal, MIM#606854 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.66 | ADGRG1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ADGRG1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal, MIM#606854; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.62 | AGRN |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families reported. Severe, congenital disorder. Treatment available: salbutamol, acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors.; to: Three unrelated families reported. Severe, congenital disorder. Treatment available: salbutamol, acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors. Clinical trial: 3,4-Diaminopyridine. |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.60 | ACTN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACTN1 were changed from Macrothrombocytopenia to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 15, MIM# 615193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.58 | ACTN1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ACTN1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 15, MIM# 615193; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.49 | ABCA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCA4 were changed from Stargardt disease to Cone-rod dystrophy 3, 604116; Fundus flavimaculatus, 248200; Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, 248200; Retinitis pigmentosa 19, 601718; Stargardt disease 1, 248200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.47 | ABCA4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ABCA4: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cone-rod dystrophy 3, 604116, Fundus flavimaculatus, 248200, Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, 248200, Retinitis pigmentosa 19, 601718, Stargardt disease 1, 248200; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.25 | AIFM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AIFM1 were changed from Cowchock syndrome to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, 300816; Cowchock syndrome, 310490; Deafness, X-linked 5, 300614; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked, with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, 300232 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.23 | AIFM1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AIFM1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, 300816, Cowchock syndrome, 310490, Deafness, X-linked 5, 300614, Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked, with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, 300232; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TSFM |
Zornitza Stark gene: TSFM was added gene: TSFM was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TSFM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TSFM were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TMPO |
Zornitza Stark gene: TMPO was added gene: TMPO was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TMPO was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TMPO were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TCAP |
Zornitza Stark gene: TCAP was added gene: TCAP was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category A gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TCAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TCAP were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated; Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 2G |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TARDBP |
Zornitza Stark gene: TARDBP was added gene: TARDBP was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TARDBP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TARDBP were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SOD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SOD1 was added gene: SOD1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: SOD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: SOD1 were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SLC35C1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC35C1 was added gene: SLC35C1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC35C1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SLC35C1 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation 2c |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SLC16A1 |
Zornitza Stark Source Expert Review Red was added to SLC16A1. Source BabySeq Category C gene was added to SLC16A1. Added phenotypes Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency for gene: SLC16A1 Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Red List (low evidence) |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SCN2B |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCN2B was added gene: SCN2B was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: SCN2B were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SC5D |
Zornitza Stark gene: SC5D was added gene: SC5D was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: SC5D was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SC5D were set to Lathosterolosis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | PLN |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLN was added gene: PLN was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: PLN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: PLN were set to Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | PDLIM3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDLIM3 was added gene: PDLIM3 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: PDLIM3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: PDLIM3 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | NUP155 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NUP155 was added gene: NUP155 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP155 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: NUP155 were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | NPPA |
Zornitza Stark gene: NPPA was added gene: NPPA was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: NPPA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: NPPA were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | NEXN |
Zornitza Stark gene: NEXN was added gene: NEXN was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: NEXN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: NEXN were set to Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | NECTIN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NECTIN1 was added gene: NECTIN1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: NECTIN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: NECTIN1 were set to Cleft lip / palate |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | NEBL |
Zornitza Stark gene: NEBL was added gene: NEBL was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: NEBL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: NEBL were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MYPN |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYPN was added gene: MYPN was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: MYPN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: MYPN were set to Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MYH6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYH6 was added gene: MYH6 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: MYH6 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated; Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic; Atrial septal defect |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MYBPC3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYBPC3 was added gene: MYBPC3 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: MYBPC3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: MYBPC3 were set to Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | LUM |
Zornitza Stark gene: LUM was added gene: LUM was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: LUM was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: LUM were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | LAMA4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LAMA4 was added gene: LAMA4 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: LAMA4 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | KCNE5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNE5 was added gene: KCNE5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNE5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: KCNE5 were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ILK |
Zornitza Stark gene: ILK was added gene: ILK was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ILK was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: ILK were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GMPPA |
Zornitza Stark gene: GMPPA was added gene: GMPPA was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: GMPPA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: GMPPA were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GDNF |
Zornitza Stark gene: GDNF was added gene: GDNF was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: GDNF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: GDNF were set to Hirschsprung disease; Central hypoventilation syndrome |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GATAD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GATAD1 was added gene: GATAD1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: GATAD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: GATAD1 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2B |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GATA6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GATA6 was added gene: GATA6 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: GATA6 were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GATA5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GATA5 was added gene: GATA5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: GATA5 were set to Familial atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | FOXF2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FOXF2 was added gene: FOXF2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: FOXF2 were set to Disorders of sex development with cleft palate |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | FBLN5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FBLN5 was added gene: FBLN5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category A gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: FBLN5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: FBLN5 were set to Age-related macular degeneration; Cutis laxa |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DPP6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DPP6 was added gene: DPP6 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: DPP6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DPP6 were set to Ventricular fibrillation, paroxysmal familial, 2 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DPM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DPM1 was added gene: DPM1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: DPM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DPM1 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ie |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DDOST |
Zornitza Stark gene: DDOST was added gene: DDOST was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: DDOST was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DDOST were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ir |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DCTN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DCTN1 was added gene: DCTN1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: DCTN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DCTN1 were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CTF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CTF1 was added gene: CTF1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: CTF1 was set to Unknown Phenotypes for gene: CTF1 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CSRP3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CSRP3 was added gene: CSRP3 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: CSRP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CSRP3 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1M; Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 12 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | COG7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COG7 was added gene: COG7 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: COG7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: COG7 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIe |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | COG4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COG4 was added gene: COG4 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: COG4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: COG4 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIj |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CHRM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CHRM2 was added gene: CHRM2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CHRM2 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CD36 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CD36 was added gene: CD36 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: CD36 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CD36 were set to Platelet glycoprotein IV deficiency |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CAVIN4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAVIN4 was added gene: CAVIN4 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: CAVIN4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CAVIN4 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | BDNF |
Zornitza Stark gene: BDNF was added gene: BDNF was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: BDNF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: BDNF were set to Central hypoventilation syndrome |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | BAG3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BAG3 was added gene: BAG3 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: BAG3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: BAG3 were set to Myopathy, myofibrillar; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ASCL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ASCL1 was added gene: ASCL1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ASCL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: ASCL1 were set to Congenital central hypoventilation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ANKRD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ANKRD1 was added gene: ANKRD1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKRD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: ANKRD1 were set to Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG2 was added gene: ALG2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ii |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG11 was added gene: ALG11 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG11 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1P |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | AK1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AK1 was added gene: AK1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: AK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: AK1 were set to Hemolytic anemia due to adenylate kinase deficiency |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ACTN2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ACTN2 was added gene: ACTN2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTN2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: ACTN2 were set to Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ACTC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ACTC1 was added gene: ACTC1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: ACTC1 were set to Atrial septal defect; Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic; Left ventricular noncompaction; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ABCC9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ABCC9 was added gene: ABCC9 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category B gene,Expert Review Red,BabySeq Category A gene,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC9 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: ABCC9 were set to Atrial fibrillation, familial; Cardiomyopathy, dilated; Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | VCL |
Zornitza Stark gene: VCL was added gene: VCL was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: VCL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: VCL were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TTN |
Zornitza Stark gene: TTN was added gene: TTN was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category B gene,Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category A gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TTN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TTN were set to Centronuclear myopathy; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TNNT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNNT2 was added gene: TNNT2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TNNT2 were set to Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TNNI3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNNI3 was added gene: TNNI3 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNI3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TNNI3 were set to Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TNNC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNNC1 was added gene: TNNC1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TNNC1 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | RBM20 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RBM20 was added gene: RBM20 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: RBM20 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: RBM20 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1DD |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | PHOX2B |
Zornitza Stark gene: PHOX2B was added gene: PHOX2B was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: PHOX2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: PHOX2B were set to Central hypoventilation syndrome |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | LMNA |
Zornitza Stark gene: LMNA was added gene: LMNA was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category B gene,Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category A gene Mode of inheritance for gene: LMNA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: LMNA were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2; Dilated cardiomyopathy |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | KCNA5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNA5 was added gene: KCNA5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: KCNA5 were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GJA5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GJA5 was added gene: GJA5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category B gene Mode of inheritance for gene: GJA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: GJA5 were set to Atrial fibrillation |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DMD |
Zornitza Stark Source BabySeq Category B gene was added to DMD. Source Expert Review Amber was added to DMD. Source BabySeq Category A gene was added to DMD. Added phenotypes Becker muscular dystrophy; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Cardiomyopathy, dilated for gene: DMD Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Amber List (moderate evidence) |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DES |
Zornitza Stark gene: DES was added gene: DES was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category B gene,Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category A gene Mode of inheritance for gene: DES was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DES were set to Myopathy, myofibrillar; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CRYAB |
Zornitza Stark gene: CRYAB was added gene: CRYAB was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category B gene,Expert Review Amber,BabySeq Category A gene Mode of inheritance for gene: CRYAB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CRYAB were set to Myofibrillar myopathy; Cardiomyopathy, dilated |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ZAP70 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZAP70 was added gene: ZAP70 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ZAP70 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ZAP70 were set to ZAP70-related severe combined immunodeficiency |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TTR |
Zornitza Stark gene: TTR was added gene: TTR was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: TTR was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: TTR were set to Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | TTPA |
Zornitza Stark gene: TTPA was added gene: TTPA was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: TTPA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TTPA were set to Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SLC46A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC46A1 was added gene: SLC46A1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC46A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SLC46A1 were set to Folate malabsorption, hereditary, MIM# |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SLC39A8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC39A8 was added gene: SLC39A8 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A8 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIn , MIM#16721 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | SCN5A |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCN5A was added gene: SCN5A was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN5A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SCN5A were set to Sick sinus syndrome 1, MIM# 608567; Ventricular fibrillation, familial, 1, MIM# 603829; Brugada syndrome 1, MIM# 601144; Long QT syndrome 3 (MIM#603830); Heart block, progressive, type IA, MIM# 113900 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | POLG |
Zornitza Stark gene: POLG was added gene: POLG was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: POLG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: POLG were set to POLG-Related Ataxia Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | PMM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PMM2 was added gene: PMM2 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PMM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PMM2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | PGM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PGM1 was added gene: PGM1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PGM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PGM1 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type It, MIM# 614921 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | PANK2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PANK2 was added gene: PANK2 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PANK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PANK2 were set to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | P2RY12 |
Zornitza Stark gene: P2RY12 was added gene: P2RY12 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert list,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: P2RY12 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: P2RY12 were set to 29117459; 11196645; 19237732; 12578987 Phenotypes for gene: P2RY12 were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 8, MIM# 609821; MONDO:0012354 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MYH7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYH7 was added gene: MYH7 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category B gene,BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: MYH7 were set to Laing early-onset distal myopathy, MONDO:0008050; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 1, OMIM:192600; Dilated cardiomyopathy 1S, MONDO:0013262; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, MONDO:0008647; Laing distal myopathy, OMIM:160500; Left ventricular noncompaction 5, OMIM:613426; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1S, OMIM:613426 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MPI |
Zornitza Stark gene: MPI was added gene: MPI was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: MPI was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: MPI were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation 1b |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MPDU1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MPDU1 was added gene: MPDU1 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Green,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: MPDU1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MPDU1 were set to 11733564; 11733556; 31741824; 29721919 Phenotypes for gene: MPDU1 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If, MIM# 609180; MPDU1-CDG, MONDO:0012211 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | MGAT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MGAT2 was added gene: MGAT2 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Green,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: MGAT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MGAT2 were set to 22105986; 31420886; 11228641; 33044030; 8808595 Phenotypes for gene: MGAT2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIa, MIM# 212066; MGAT2-CDG, MONDO:0008908 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GFM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GFM1 was added gene: GFM1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: GFM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: GFM1 were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | GATA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GATA1 was added gene: GATA1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: GATA1 were set to Blackfan-Diamond anaemia, ORPHA:124; Anaemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835; Congenital erythropoietic porphyria, ORPHA:79277; Thrombocytopenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | FOXA2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FOXA2 was added gene: FOXA2 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXA2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: FOXA2 were set to Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms, ORPHA:95494; Congenital isolated hyperinsulinism, ORPHA:657 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | FLNA |
Zornitza Stark gene: FLNA was added gene: FLNA was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: FLNA was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: FLNA were set to Otopalatodigital spectrum disorder |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DSP |
Zornitza Stark gene: DSP was added gene: DSP was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: DSP was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DSP were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with woolly hair and keratoderma, MIM# 605676; Dilated cardiomyopathy with woolly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis , MIM#615821 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DPAGT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DPAGT1 was added gene: DPAGT1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: DPAGT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DPAGT1 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, MIM#614750 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | DOLK |
Zornitza Stark gene: DOLK was added gene: DOLK was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Green,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: DOLK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DOLK were set to 30653653; 22242004; 23890587; 17273964; 28816422; 24144945 Phenotypes for gene: DOLK were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Im, MIM# 610768; DK1-CDG, MONDO:0012556 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | CYP17A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CYP17A1 was added gene: CYP17A1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BeginNGS,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP17A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CYP17A1 were set to 17,20-lyase deficiency, isolated , MIM#202110 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | COG5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COG5 was added gene: COG5 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Green,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: COG5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COG5 were set to 32174980; 23228021; 31572517 Phenotypes for gene: COG5 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIi |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALS2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALS2 was added gene: ALS2 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ALS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALS2 were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG9 was added gene: ALG9 was added to gNBS. Sources: Expert Review Green,BabySeq Category C gene Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALG9 were set to 26453364; 25966638; 28932688 Phenotypes for gene: ALG9 were set to Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, MIM# 263210; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776 |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG8 was added gene: ALG8 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG8 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG6 was added gene: ALG6 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG6 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG3 was added gene: ALG3 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG3 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Id |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG12 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG12 was added gene: ALG12 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG12 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ig |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ALG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALG1 was added gene: ALG1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALG1 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik |
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| BabyScreen+ newborn screening v0.0 | ADGRG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADGRG1 was added gene: ADGRG1 was added to gNBS. Sources: BabySeq Category A gene,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ADGRG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ADGRG1 were set to Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal |
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