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| Mendeliome v1.2295 | ARHGEF40 |
Chirag Patel gene: ARHGEF40 was added gene: ARHGEF40 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF40 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARHGEF40 were set to PMID: 39838643 Phenotypes for gene: ARHGEF40 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: ARHGEF40 was set to RED Added comment: 2 individuals with global developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature, hearing impairment, nystagmus, feeding issues, and dysmorphism (bifid uvula, narrow mouth, high palate, micrognathia). Trio clinical whole exome sequencing identified de novo variants in the ARHGEF40 gene at position p.Arg225, which is fully conserved in mammals and located within the n-terminal keratin binding region (p.Arg225Trp and p.Arg225Gln). Of note, multiple additional probands with rare missense variants at the p.Arg225 residue have been identified by the same laboratory (but there was no consent for publication, providing further evidence of the importance of this residue. The ARHGEF40 gene (aka SOLO) is a member of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF) family of proteins, which stimulate Rho signal transduction molecules by converting them from inactive GDP-bound form to the active GTP-bound state. No functional studies to characterise disease-gene relationship or disease mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2289 | PTPMT1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: PTPMT1 was added gene: PTPMT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPMT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTPMT1 were set to 39279645; 37672386 Phenotypes for gene: PTPMT1 were set to inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder MONDO:0004069 Review for gene: PTPMT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 cases from 3 independent families with biallelic variants in PTPMT1 (a mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase required for de novo cardiolipin biosynthesis). All cases presented with a complex, neonatal/infantile onset neurological and neurodevelopmental syndrome including developmental delay, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, epilepsy, spasticity, cerebellar ataxia and nystagmus, sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy and bulbar dysfunction. Supporting knockout zebrafish and mouse models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2274 | PPA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPA1 was added gene: PPA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPA1 were set to 37999237 Phenotypes for gene: PPA1 were set to Galactosaemia, MONDO:0018116 Review for gene: PPA1 was set to RED Added comment: Homozygous missense variant detected in two siblings with increased galactose and galactose-related metabolites ascertained in neonatal screening. Some supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2248 | DAP3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DAP3 was added gene: DAP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DAP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DAP3 were set to 39701103 Phenotypes for gene: DAP3 were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970, DAP3-related Review for gene: DAP3 was set to GREEN Added comment: DAP3 encodes the mitoribosomal small subunit 29 (MRPS29). Five unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in DAP3 and variable clinical presentations ranging from Perrault syndrome (sensorineural hearing loss and ovarian insufficiency) to an early childhood neurometabolic phenotype. Assessment of respiratory-chain function and proteomic profiling of fibroblasts from affected individuals demonstrated reduced MRPS29 protein amounts and, consequently, decreased levels of additional protein components of the mitoribosomal small subunit, as well as an associated combined deficiency of complexes I and IV. Lentiviral transduction of fibroblasts from affected individuals with wild-type DAP3 cDNA increased DAP3 mRNA expression and partially rescued protein levels of MRPS7, MRPS9, and complex I and IV subunits, demonstrating the pathogenicity of the DAP3 variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2238 | RBFOX2 |
Jonathon Bradshaw changed review comment from: - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (1x nonsense, 1x frameshift, 1x canonical splice variants). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and no extra-cardiac features. Same cohort later included in PMID: 32368696, listed one additional de novo variant in this gene (missense variant) in a patient with conotruncal defects (CTDs). - PMID: 28991257: Same research consortium as above, an additional splice variant observed in a singleton from the CHD cohort identified as a LoF predicted heterozygous mutation. - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. - 2x NMD-predicted de novo individuals with cardiac defects have been observed (internal data). - ClinVar: one current pathogenic entry: c.523dup (p.Ser175fs). This patient had a complex congenital cardiac defect, choreiform movement disorder, developmental delay, a clotting disorder, intermittent cyanosis, chronic lung disease, low muscle tone, short stature and failure to gain weight, mild dysmorphisms, and mild joint laxity. Brain MRI shows a stable chronic infarction, stable cerebral volume loss, and ex-vacuo prominence of ventricles (personal communication). - ClinGen has curated this gene. Strong association and evidence supporting LoF as a mechanism of disease.; to: - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (1x nonsense, 1x frameshift, 1x canonical splice variants). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and no extra-cardiac features. Same cohort later included in PMID: 32368696, listed one additional de novo variant in this gene (missense variant) in a patient with conotruncal defects (CTDs). - PMID: 28991257: Same research consortium as above, an additional splice variant observed in a singleton from the CHD cohort identified as a LoF predicted heterozygous mutation. - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. - 2x NMD-predicted de novo individuals with cardiac defects have been observed (internal data). - ClinVar: one current pathogenic entry: c.523dup (p.Ser175fs). This patient had a complex congenital cardiac defect, choreiform movement disorder, developmental delay, a clotting disorder, intermittent cyanosis, chronic lung disease, low muscle tone, short stature and failure to gain weight, mild dysmorphisms, and mild joint laxity. Brain MRI shows a stable chronic infarction, stable cerebral volume loss, and ex-vacuo prominence of ventricles (personal communication). - ClinGen has curated this gene. Strong association and evidence supporting LoF as a mechanism of disease. |
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| Mendeliome v1.2224 | CRYL1 |
Andrew Fennell changed review comment from: About 1% of individuals with GJB2-AR NSHL are compound heterozygotes for one GJB2 pathogenic variant and one of several different deletions that include sequences upstream of GJB2 (comprising either GJB6 and portions of CRYL1 or just portions of CRYL1) that delete cis-regulatory regions of GJB2, thereby abolishing GJB2 expression. Occasionally, the deletion also includes GJB2.; to: About 1% of individuals with GJB2-AR NSHL are compound heterozygotes for one GJB2 pathogenic variant and one of several different deletions that include sequences upstream of GJB2 (comprising either GJB6 and portions of CRYL1 or just portions of CRYL1) that delete cis-regulatory regions of GJB2, thereby abolishing GJB2 expression. Occasionally, the deletion also includes GJB2. See also PMID: 20301449 GeneReviews |
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| Mendeliome v1.2199 | PDE12 |
Chirag Patel gene: PDE12 was added gene: PDE12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDE12 were set to PMID: 39567835 Phenotypes for gene: PDE12 were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 Review for gene: PDE12 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 families (2 consanguineous) with 5 affected individuals with early onset mitochondrial disease presentation (3 liveborn, 2 intrauterine death). -Family 1: 1 x infant death @3mths (no clinical information), 1 x 7yr old with neonatal respiratory and lactic acidosis, developmental delay, and mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies, and marked cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in muscle. -Family 2: 1 x neonatal death @2days with metabolic acidosis and lactic acidosis, respiratory failure, lissencephaly, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and extensive periventricular and subcortical cysts. Normal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and electron transfer chain activities in fibroblasts. -Family 3: 2 x fetuses (13wks and 22wks) with increase nuchal translucency and reduced fetal movements. One had intra-uterine growth retardation, hydrops and cystic hygroma. The other had permanent flexion contractures of four limbs). Western blotting in fetal skeletal muscle showed absent respiratory chain complexes (I, IV, and V). WES in all 3 families identified 3 different homozygous missense variants in PDE12 gene (p.Tyr155Cys, p.Gly372Glu, and p.Arg41Pro). All variants segregated with disease, were rare in gnomAD, and in silico pathogenicity prediction tools pointed towards a high likelihood of pathogenicity. PDE12 gene encodes the poly(A)-specific exoribonuclease, involved in the quality control of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts demonstrate diminished steady-state levels of PDE12 protein, whilst mitochondrial poly(A)-tail RNA sequencing revealed an accumulation of spuriously polyadenylated mitochondrial RNA, consistent with perturbed function of PDE12 protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2113 | ME2 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ME2 was added gene: ME2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ME2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ME2 were set to 39401966 Phenotypes for gene: ME2 were set to inborn disorder of energy metabolism MONDO:0019243 Review for gene: ME2 was set to RED Added comment: A single individual with a homozygous frameshift variant from a consanguineous family. The phenotype included developmental delay, microcephaly, mild brain atrophy, peripheral hypotonia, subtle dysmorphic features, ectopic kidney, and mild lactate elevation. Deletion of yeast ortholog of the gene resulted in growth arrest (which could be rescued). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2028 | ZDHHC16 |
Ain Roesley gene: ZDHHC16 was added gene: ZDHHC16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZDHHC16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZDHHC16 were set to 39313616 Phenotypes for gene: ZDHHC16 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, ZDHHC16-related Review for gene: ZDHHC16 was set to AMBER gene: ZDHHC16 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 6 families including a pair of siblings Amber because 5 of the families had non specific phenotypes listed Abnormality of: the nervous system, metabolism/homeostasis, head/neck, immune system, the integument, the digestive system, the respiratory system, the endocrine system, Growth abnormality the skeletal system, the musculature, the eye Specific HPOs were provided for one individual (homoyzygous for a canonical splice) Abnormality of the face; Cerebellar hypoplasia; Developmental regression; Encephalopathy; Hyperreflexia; Hypertonia; Hypotonia; Inguinal hernia; Laryngomalacia; Microcephaly; Motor delay; Optic atrophy; Seizure; Spastic paraparesis; Spasticity; Talipes equinovarus; Umbilical hernia Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.2014 | THAP11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THAP11 were changed from Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related to Methylmalonic aciduria, cblC type-like, MIM# 620940; Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.2013 | THAP11 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: THAP11: Changed phenotypes: Methylmalonic aciduria, cblC type-like, MIM# 620940, Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1998 | CEP76 |
Mark Cleghorn gene: CEP76 was added gene: CEP76 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP76 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CEP76 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038; Joubert syndrome; Bardet-Biedl syndrome; retinitis pigmentosa Penetrance for gene: CEP76 were set to unknown Review for gene: CEP76 was set to GREEN Added comment: Erica Davis, Stanley Manne Children’s research institute, Chicago ESHG presentation 4/6/24, unpublished CEP76 associated with syndromic ciliopathy CEP76 localizes to centrioles and basal body primary cilia Role in normal centriolar duplication Index case Bardet Biedl syndrome Compound heterozygous pLoF variants in CEP76 Via Gene matcher 7 cases in 7 families- biallelic CEP76 and various clinical features within ciliopathy spectrum: Obesity Ocular phenotype Structural brain anomalies Renal? 3/7 families clinical Dx Joubert syndrome 1/7 BBS 1/7 GDD/ID NOS 2/7 retinitis pigmentosa (1 of these with learning difficulties) Mixture of biallelic pLOF and missense variant CEP76 knockout zebrafish model shows retinal phenotype w photoreceptor loss, similar to homozygous known BBS4 pathogenic variant Cell based fx studies with missense variants above, consistent with centriolar duplication dysfunction Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1998 | EIF3I |
Mark Cleghorn gene: EIF3I was added gene: EIF3I was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF3I was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: EIF3I were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Penetrance for gene: EIF3I were set to unknown Review for gene: EIF3I was set to AMBER Added comment: Marcello Scala, Genoa ESHG presentation 4/6/24, unpublished De novo EIF3I missense variants as a cause for novel NDD syndrome EIF3 complex involved in regulating initiation of mRNA translation Negative regulator of the TGF beta pathway 8 individuals from 8 families Mod/severe GDD or ID Short stature Midline brain anomalies (hypoplasia/agenesis of corpus callosum and pituitary hypoplasia) Frontal bossing, hypertelorism, long philtrum All w rare de novo missense variants in EIF3I, clustering within highly conserved WD repeats Functional studies Transfected HEK293 cell studies suggested EIF3I protein from variant alleles (from patients above) had disrupted interaction with other EIF subunits, and cells had reduced protein synthesis overall No animal models Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1998 | SGMS1 |
Mark Cleghorn gene: SGMS1 was added gene: SGMS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: SGMS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SGMS1 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: SGMS1 was set to AMBER Added comment: SGMS1 Johannes Kopp, Charite Berlin ESHG presentation 4/6/24, unpublished Biallelic SGMS1 with novel metabolic disorder Only 2 families (3 cases) reported NDD, AbN cerebral myelination, SNHL, ichthyosis Homozygous or compound het SGMS1 missense Functional work to support role of SGMS1 in sphingolipid metabolism Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1976 | C12orf66 |
Mark Cleghorn gene: C12orf66 was added gene: C12orf66 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: C12orf66 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: C12orf66 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Penetrance for gene: C12orf66 were set to unknown Review for gene: C12orf66 was set to AMBER Added comment: KICS2 (previously known as C12ORF66) Rebecca Buchert, Universitatklinikum Tubingen ESHG talk 2/6/24, unpublished Proposed ID + epilepsy gene 8 families w 11 affected individuals Phenotypes: 11/11 ID, 9/11 epilepsy, 3/11 hearing impairment 3/8 homozygous missense variants (p.Asp296Glu, p.Tyr393Cys, p.Tyr393Cys), all highly conserved 1/8 compound het PTC (p.Lys262*) with 1.1Mb deletion 4/8 homozygous PTC (p.Glu3*, p.Gly79Valfs*18, p.Gly79Valfs*18, p.Lys260Asnfs*18) Gene appears to be involved in mTOR pathway, and cilia function mTORC1 activity in CRISPR-HEK293T cells – reduced activity in cells w variants above Zebrafish model: otolith defects, ciliary dysfunction ?not clear that this truly mimics phenotype observed in patient cohort described Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1973 | REPS2 |
Mark Cleghorn gene: REPS2 was added gene: REPS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: REPS2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: REPS2 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038; Cerebral palsy HP:0100021 Penetrance for gene: REPS2 were set to unknown Review for gene: REPS2 was set to AMBER Added comment: REPS2 Hao Hu, Guangzhou Women and Children’s MC ESHG talk 1/6/24, unpublished Proposed X-linked cerebral palsy + NDD gene 4 unrelated males with predicted deleterious hemizygous REPS2 variants, 2 PTC, 2 missense. 2 de novo, 2 maternally inherited Phenotypes: 2 w CP + moderate ID/ASD, 2 w NDD NOS Variants described: c.1050_1052delGAA;p.K351del c.1040T>C; p.I347T c.962C>G; p.S321C c.1736delA; p.N579Tfs*17 In vitro assay of above 4 variants suggest reduced REPS2 protein stability Zebrafish model: REPS2 expressed in neuronal cells, REPS2 knock down have reduced motor activity and abN neuronal morphology Mouse model hemizygous w one of above variants (not specified): reduced performance in cognitive tasks, abnormal neuronal migration pattern on post mortem examination Mechanism may relate to dopamine signalling? Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1888 | SLC7A5 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: SLC7A5 was added gene: SLC7A5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A5 was set to Unknown Publications for gene: SLC7A5 were set to 29884839 Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A5 were set to Large neutral amino acid transporter deficiency (MIM#600182) Review for gene: SLC7A5 was set to RED Added comment: Classified an inborn error of amino acid metabolism by IEMbase however more evidence is required to support the gene-disease association. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1837 | HYKK |
Zornitza Stark gene: HYKK was added gene: HYKK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HYKK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HYKK were set to 23242558 Phenotypes for gene: HYKK were set to inborn disorder of lysine and hydroxylysine metabolism MONDO:0017351 Review for gene: HYKK was set to RED Added comment: No known gene-disease association as classified by ClinGen Aminoacidopathy GCEP on 14/07/2023 - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:005104 HYKK has been reported as a disorders of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan metabolism by ICIMD however there are no reported pathogenic variants in this gene to support the gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1836 | KMO |
Zornitza Stark gene: KMO was added gene: KMO was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KMO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KMO were set to 28187857; 24189070 Phenotypes for gene: KMO were set to pellagra MONDO:0019975 Review for gene: KMO was set to RED Added comment: Classified as no known disease relationship by ClinGen Aminoacidopathy GCEP on 12/05/2023 - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:005248 Only two knock out mouse models have ben reported that exhibited behavioural changes including memory impairment and anxiety like behaviour. Not reported as disease causing in any affected individuals at this stage and no evidence of any inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1814 | FAM177A1 |
Chirag Patel gene: FAM177A1 was added gene: FAM177A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM177A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FAM177A1 were set to PMID: 38767059, 25558065 Phenotypes for gene: FAM177A1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500 Review for gene: FAM177A1 was set to GREEN gene: FAM177A1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 38767059 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported with with biallelic loss of function variants in FAM177A1. Clinical features included: global developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, behavioural abnormalities, hypotonia, gait disturbance, and macrocephaly. They showed that FAM177A1 localizes to the Golgi complex in mammalian and zebrafish cells. Intersection of the RNA-seq and metabolomic datasets from FAM177A1-deficient human fibroblasts and whole zebrafish larvae demonstrated dysregulation of pathways associated with apoptosis, inflammation, and negative regulation of cell proliferation. PMID: 25558065 A study of 143 multiplex consanguineous families identified a homozygous frameshift variant in FAM177A1 in 1 family with 4 affected siblings with intellectual disability, dolicocephaly, obesity, and macrocephaly. The variant segregated with all 4 affected siblings and parents were confirmed heterozygous carriers. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1768 | SLC52A1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: SLC52A1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37510312, 29122468, 21089064; Phenotypes: Maternal riboflavin deficiency MONDO:0014013, Disorders of riboflavin metabolism; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1765 | GLUL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GLUL were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, GLUL-related; Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116, MIM# 620806; Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1732 | PRMT9 |
Chirag Patel gene: PRMT9 was added gene: PRMT9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRMT9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRMT9 were set to PMID: 38561334 Phenotypes for gene: PRMT9 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0100500 Review for gene: PRMT9 was set to RED Added comment: A homozygous variant (G189R) in PRMT9 is reported based on large WGS study in 136 consanguineous families - unclear if only found in 1 family and no clinical information on case(s). PMRTs (protein arginine methyltransferases) catalyse post translational modification via arginine methylation. Functional studies showed that the G189R variant abolishes PRMT9's methyltransferase activity - specifically at the R508 residue of SF3B2 RNA (exclusively methylated by PRMT9) - and leads to heavy PRMT9 ubiquitination, and abnormal splicing activity of SF3B2. Knock out mouse model showed PRMT9 loss in excitatory neurons leads to aberrant synapse development and impaired learning and memory. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1685 | GALE | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GALE were changed from Galactose epimerase deficiency MIM#230350; Disorders of galactose metabolism to Galactose epimerase deficiency MIM#230350; Thrombocytopenia 12, syndromic, MIM#620776 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1673 | GLUL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GLUL were changed from Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, GLUL-related; Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1660 | TRPV5 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram changed review comment from: Not a well-established gene-disease association. Has only been reported in one consanguineous family. PMID: 38528055 3 individuals from the same family affected with hypercalciuria. Biallelic Met598Val variant was identified in the proband and his two affect sibs Functional assay using WT and mutant plasmid vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells. The assay showed that the mutant vector had a non-functional TRPV5 channel as compared to the WT however no positive control was used. Sources: Other; to: Not a well-established gene-disease association. Has only been reported in one consanguineous family. PMID: 38528055 3 individuals from the same family affected with hypercalciuria. Biallelic Met598Val variant was identified in the proband and his two affect sibs Functional assay using WT and mutant plasmid vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells. The assay showed that the mutant vector had a non-functional TRPV5 channel as compared to the WT however no positive control was used. PMID: 14679186 TRPV5 knockout mice model was used to assess whether the abolishment of TRPV5 led to a disruption in Ca2+ handling. The effects of the disruption in Ca2+ handling resulted in bone abnormalities in the mice and is likely the cause of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1580 | NIT1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: NIT1 was added gene: NIT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NIT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NIT1 were set to 38430071 Phenotypes for gene: NIT1 were set to Cerebrovascular disorder, NIT1-related (MONDO:0011057) Penetrance for gene: NIT1 were set to unknown gene: NIT1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 5 unrelated families reported with recessively inherited cerebral small vessel disease had compound hetereozygous or homozygous variants in NIT1. 1 family (3 siblings) had p.(Ala68*) in trans with p.(Arg243Trp), the remaining 4 families (1 individual each) were all homozygous for p.(Arg243Trp). Patients presented in mid-adulthood with progressive movement disorders (e.g. dystonia, chorea, bradykinesia and tremor, gait disturbance, dysarthria) and had abnormal brain MRI findings (honeycomb appearance of the basal ganglia-thalamus complex, due to numerous strongly dilated PVS). 3 patients had non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Slowly progressive cognitive decline was also a key feature. Metabolic analysis in urine confirmed loss of NIT1 enzymatic function. Note p.(Arg243Trp) has 1 homozygote in gnomAD v4, but permitted due to later presentation in reported patients. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1558 | STAB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STAB1 were changed from Iron metabolism disease (MONDO:0002279), STAB1-related to Hyperferritinemia, MIM# 620729 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PLA2G16 |
Lauren Rogers changed review comment from: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte diferentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature; to: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte differentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PLA2G16 |
Lauren Rogers gene: PLA2G16 was added gene: PLA2G16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLA2G16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PLA2G16 were set to PMID: 37919452 Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G16 were set to Lipodystrophy (MONDO:0006573) Review for gene: PLA2G16 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte diferentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1235 | CYBRD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYBRD1 were changed from Iron overload to Iron metabolism disease, MONDO:0002279, CYBRD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1234 | CYBRD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CYBRD1: Changed phenotypes: Iron metabolism disease, MONDO:0002279, CYBRD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1165 | FTCD |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: Well-established gene-disease association (see OMIM entry). Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency is classified as a metabolic disorder by the NIH GARD (https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/diseases-by-category/14/metabolic-disorders), and is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Sources: NHS GMS; to: Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency is classified as a benign form of folate metabolism disorder and an inborn error of amino acid metabolism without clinically significant phenotype (http://iembase.com/disorder/47). |
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| Mendeliome v1.1064 | STAB1 |
Chern Lim gene: STAB1 was added gene: STAB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STAB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STAB1 were set to 37490907; 28052375 Phenotypes for gene: STAB1 were set to Iron metabolism disease (MONDO:0002279), STAB1-related Review for gene: STAB1 was set to GREEN gene: STAB1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 37490907 - Biallelic variants identified in 10 individuals from 7 families with unexplained hyperferritinaemia without iron overload. All of them were in good health and had no dysmorphologies, psycho-motor development abnormalities, hearing or vision disorders, or other pathologies. - Homozygous/compound heterozygous variants: missense, frameshift, stopgain, inframe del of 3 AAs, one synonymous. - Samples from three of the patients from two families showed no immunoreactivity with anti-stabilin-1 compared to control liver where high signal was detected in the liver sinusoids (immunohistochemistry analysis). - Patients’ peripheral monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages showed very little expression of stabilin-1 on CD14+ monocytes and macrophages compared to control subjects (flow cytometry analysis). - These families have also been published in PMID: 28052375. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1054 | STX5 |
Ain Roesley gene: STX5 was added gene: STX5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STX5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: STX5 were set to congenital disorder of glycosylation MONDO#0015286, STX5-related Review for gene: STX5 was set to AMBER gene: STX5 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1x family with 3x deceased shortly after death + 3x spontaneous abortions + 2x abortions due to abnormal fatal ultrasound (US). Hom for NM_003164.4:c.163 A > G p.(Met55Val), which results in complete loss of short isoform (which uses Met55 as the start) phenotype: short long bones on US, dysmorphism, skeletal dysplasia, profound hypotonia, hepatomegaly elevated cholesterol. Post-natally they died of progressive liver failure with cholestasis and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemias Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from these patients show defective glycosylation, altered Golgi morphology as measured by electron microscopy, mislocalization of glycosyltransferases, and compromised ER-Golgi trafficking Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.868 | POLD3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: POLD3 was added gene: POLD3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POLD3 were set to 37030525; 36395985; 27524497 Phenotypes for gene: POLD3 were set to Severe combined immunodeficiency MONDO:0015974 Review for gene: POLD3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Homozygous missense variant (NM_006591.3; p.Ile10Thr) identified in a single Lebanese patient, the product of a consanguineous family, presenting with a syndromic severe combined immunodeficiency with neurodevelopmental delay and hearing loss. POLD3 as well as POLD1 and POLD2 expression was abolished in the patient's cells. Null mouse models are embryonic lethal and demonstrate Pold3 is essential for DNA replication in murine B cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.848 | NAF1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: NAF1 was added gene: NAF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NAF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NAF1 were set to 27510903 Phenotypes for gene: NAF1 were set to Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related MONDO:0000148 Review for gene: NAF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 3 probands/families with telomere-related pulmonary fibrosis and a supporting mouse model PMID: 27510903 - 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema and extrapulmonary manifestations including myelodysplastic syndrome and liver disease, with LoF variants. Truncated NAF1 was detected in cells derived from patients, and, in cells in which a frameshift mutation was introduced by genome editing telomerase RNA levels were reduced. Shortened telomere length also segregated with the variants. A Naf1+/- mouse model had reduced telomerase RNA levels ClinVar - 1 nonsense and 2 splice site variants (ID: 2443185, 1338525, 2443184) called LP by the Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago but no clinical details were provided - SCV002547372.1 - Garcia Pulmonary Genetics Research Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center - at least one individual with pulmonary fibrosis and leukocyte telomere length (by qPCR) less than 10th percentile age-adjusted Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.839 | CBX1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: CBX1 was added gene: CBX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CBX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CBX1 were set to PMID: 37087635 Phenotypes for gene: CBX1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), CBX1-related Review for gene: CBX1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three different de novo missense variants identified in three unrelated individuals with developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic features, and variable dysmorphic features such as broad forehead and head circumference above average. Mutant mice displayed increased latency-to-peak response, suggesting the possibility of synaptic delay or myelination deficits. Functional studies confirmed the reduction of mutant HP1β binding to heterochromatin. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.743 | THAP11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: THAP11 was added gene: THAP11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: THAP11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: THAP11 were set to 28449119 Phenotypes for gene: THAP11 were set to Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related Review for gene: THAP11 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous missense variant, supportive functional data. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.711 | ATP5B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two families only, clinical presentation with dystonia; incomplete penetrance observed. Some functional data. Note also PMID 36239646 reporting de novo variant in identical twins with hypermetabolism. Sources: Literature; to: PMID 36860166: Two families only, clinical presentation with dystonia; incomplete penetrance observed. Some functional data. Note also PMID 36239646 reporting de novo variant in identical twins with hypermetabolism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.711 | ATP5B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two families only, clinical presentation with dystonia; incomplete penetrance observed. Some functional data. Sources: Literature; to: Two families only, clinical presentation with dystonia; incomplete penetrance observed. Some functional data. Note also PMID 36239646 reporting de novo variant in identical twins with hypermetabolism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.697 | SLC25A36 |
Krithika Murali gene: SLC25A36 was added gene: SLC25A36 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A36 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC25A36 were set to 34971397; 34576089; 31036718 Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A36 were set to Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 8 - MIM#620211 Review for gene: SLC25A36 was set to GREEN Added comment: Solute carrier family 25 members 33 (SLC25A33) and 36 (SLC25A36) are the only known mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide carriers in humans PMID: 34971397 Sharoor et al 2022 report 2 siblings with hyperinsulinism, hypoglycemia and hyperammonemia from early infancy with homozygous SLC25A36 c.284 + 3 A > T variant identified through WES. Functional studies support LoF. PMID: 34576089 report a 12-year-old patient with hypothyroidism, hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia, chronical obstipation, short stature, along with language and general developmental delay. WES identified SLC25A36 gene homozygous c.803dupT, p.Ser269llefs*35 variant. Functional analysis of mutant SLC25A36 protein in proteoliposomes showed a virtually abolished transport activity. Immunoblotting results suggest that the mutant SLC25A36 protein in the patient undergoes fast degradation. Supplementation with uridine lead to some improvement in clinical course. PMID: 31036718 deficiencies in SLC25A36 in mouse embryonic stem cells have been associated with mtDNA depletion as well as mitochondrial dysfunction Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.646 | TRU-TCA1-1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRU-TCA1-1 were changed from Hyperthyroidism MONDO:0004425 to Inherited thyroid metabolism disease, MONDO:0045046, TRU-TCA1-1 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.547 | IL2RB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five families reported. Sources: Expert list; to: Five families reported. Affected individuals present in infancy with features of both abnormal activation of certain immune signaling pathways, resulting in lymphoid proliferation, dermatitis, enteropathy, and hypergammaglobulinemia, as well as features of immunodeficiency, such as recurrent infections and increased susceptibility to viral infections, especially CMV. Laboratory studies show increased NK cells that show impaired differentiation, as well as abnormal T cell populations or responses. Some patients may die in childhood; hematopoietic bone marrow transplantation is curative. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.504 | FEM1C |
Paul De Fazio gene: FEM1C was added gene: FEM1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FEM1C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FEM1C were set to 36336956; 28135719; 33398170; 33398168 Phenotypes for gene: FEM1C were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, FEM1C-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: FEM1C was set to GREEN gene: FEM1C was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:36336956 describes a 9-year-old boy with severe DD, lack of speech, pyramidal signs, and limb ataxia who had a de novo missense variant Asp126His in FEM1C ascertained by WES. The equivalent variant introduced into the nematode C.elegans resulted in disabled locomotion caused by synaptic abnormalities and not muscle dysfunction. An alternate change Asp126Val was reported in the DDD study de novo in a patient with uncharacterised developmental delay (PMID:28135719). The Asp126 residue (but not either of the variants above specifically) was shown to be functionally important by in vitro studies (PMID:33398170;33398168). The residue is highly conserved and located in a region of missense constraint. Borderline green, 2 patients and an animal model. Note all evidence points to the Asp126 residue being of specific importance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.490 | TAMM41 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAMM41 were changed from inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder MONDO:0004069; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-56 (COXPD56), MIM#620139; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.474 | SPTBN5 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTBN5: Added comment: Some of the missense variants are present at high population frequencies, not compatible with Mendelian disease. Gene is tolerant of LoF in gnomad, raising questions about the pathogenicity of the LoF variant. Commentaries questioning gene-disease relationship PMID: 36117916; 36238261; Changed rating: RED |
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| Mendeliome v1.462 | ATP5F1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ATP5F1 was added gene: ATP5F1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5F1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ATP5F1 were set to 36239646 Phenotypes for gene: ATP5F1 were set to Hypermetabolism due to uncoupled mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-2 (HUMOP2), MIM#620085 Review for gene: ATP5F1 was set to RED Added comment: Identical twins reported with a de novo missense variant in this gene and hyper metabolism: normal thyroid function, hyperphagia, tachypnea, increased basal temperature, and increased sweating. Biochemical studies demonstrated increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption with inefficient production of ATP in the final steps of oxidative phosphorylation due to an uncoupling defect Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.338 | APRT |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: APRT deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can lead to accumulation of the insoluble purine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) in the kidney, which results in crystalluria and the formation of urinary stones. Clinical features include renal colic, hematuria, urinary tract infection, dysuria, and, in some cases, renal failure. The age at onset can range from 5 months to late adulthood; however, as many as 50% of APRT-deficient individuals may be asymptomatic.; to: APRT deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can lead to accumulation of the insoluble purine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) in the kidney, which results in crystalluria and the formation of urinary stones. Clinical features include renal colic, hematuria, urinary tract infection, dysuria, and, in some cases, renal failure. The age at onset can range from 5 months to late adulthood; however, as many as 50% of APRT-deficient individuals may be asymptomatic. Treatable: allopurinol or febuxostat, low purine diet. |
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| Mendeliome v1.323 | NODAL |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NODAL: Added comment: NODAL is a good biological candidate for heterotaxy disorders, and this is supported by animal models. The gene is depleted for LoF variants in gnomad. The missense variants reported in PMIDs 9354794 and 19064609 are present at a high population frequency in gnomad, including some in homozygous case: their association with disease is DISPUTED. A total of at least 7 families reported with severe CHD and high impact variants (stop gain, frameshift and canonical splice site). However, almost invariably these were inherited from unaffected or questionably affected parents (e.g. self reports of heart murmur in childhood), raising questions about whether these variants contribute to disease under a monogenic or polygenic model and/or about penetrance. Discussed at GenCC on 13/9/2022 and agreed on MODERATE assessment.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 9354794, 19064609, 29368431, 19933292, 11311163, 30293987 |
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| Mendeliome v1.291 | GATA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GATA1: Added comment: PMID 36029112: De novo GATA1 initiation codon variant (c.3G>A) identified in a Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia patient. Functional evidence showed that the variant does not affect the GATA1 mRNA but brings about a shorter GATA1 isoform (GATA1s) and reduced full-length functional GATA1 protein (GATA1fl), thereby contributing to an erythropoietic defect. Four other GATA1 variants (c.2T>C, c.220G>C, c.220delG, c.220+2T>C) found in eight families have been described as DBA phenotype.; Changed publications: 36029112; Changed phenotypes: Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367, Haemolytic anaemia due to elevated adenosine deaminase, MIM# 301083, Anemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835, Diamond-Blackfan anemia (MONDO:0015253) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.285 | TYMS |
Lucy Spencer gene: TYMS was added gene: TYMS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TYMS was set to Other Publications for gene: TYMS were set to 35931051 Phenotypes for gene: TYMS were set to Dyskeratosis congenita MONDO:0015780 Review for gene: TYMS was set to RED Added comment: 8 families with dyskeratosis congenita and heterozygous variants in TYMS. 4 PTCs, 2 missense and 1 splice (2 families had the same frameshift). However in all families 1 unaffected parent was also heterozygous for the same TYSM variant. The other parent in 3 of these families was then shown to carry a heterozygous variant in ENOSF1 which each affected child was also heterozygous for. ENOSF1 has been shown to modify TYMS expression at the RNA level by acting as an antisense molecule to TYMS. ENOSF1 partially overlaps TYMS on chromosome 18 and is transcribed in the opposite direction to TYMS. This paper is suggesting digenic inheritance. The TYMS wild type parent from another family was seen to have a TYMSOS variant which was also observed along with the TYMS variant in their 2 affected children. Immunoblotting showed a stark reduction in TYMS protein level in the cells of affected probands when compared to the parent carrier, wild-type parent, and the controls. Lymphoblastoid cells from affected probands have severe TYMS deficiency, altered cellular deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pools, and hypersensitivity to the TYMS-specific inhibitor 5-fluorouracil. These defects in the nucleotide metabolism pathway resulted in genotoxic stress, defective transcription, and abnormal telomere maintenance. Gene-rescue studies in cells from affected probands revealed that post-transcriptional epistatic silencing of TYMS is occurring via elevated ENOSF1. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.133 | ASPH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASPH were changed from Traboulsi syndrome , MIM#601552 to Traboulsi syndrome , MIM#601552; Exertional heat illness; malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, MONDO:0018493, ASPH-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.75 | KCNA5 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KCNA5: Added comment: Multiple families reported. At least one with LoF variant, rest missense. The missense variants are present in the population, ranging from 2 to 40 individuals in gnomad, which raises doubt about their pathogenicity.; Changed rating: AMBER | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.15 | IKBKG |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IKBKG: Added comment: X-linked systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAIDX) is characterized by the onset of systemic autoinflammation in the first months of life. Features include lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, panniculitis, and nodular skin rash. Additional manifestations may include inflammation of the optic nerve, intracranial hemorrhage, and lipodystrophy. Laboratory studies show hypogammaglobulinemia, increased or decreased white blood cell count, autoimmune cytopenias, elevated serum inflammatory markers, and a type I interferon signature. 6 unrelated boys and a girl reported. All variants resulted in absence of the domain encoded by exon 5 (NEMOdelEx5). Note variants in this gene are associated with immunodeficiency +/- ectodermal features and with IP.; Changed phenotypes: Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 1, MIM# 300291, Immunodeficiency 33 , MIM#300636, Incontinentia pigmenti, MIM# 308300, Autoinflammatory disease, systemic, X-linked, MIM# 301081 |
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| Mendeliome v0.14722 | GALT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GALT were changed from to Galactosaemia MIM#230400; Disorders of galactose metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14719 | GAMT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GAMT were changed from to Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2 MIM#612736; Disorders of creatinine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14677 | GIF | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GIF were changed from to Intrinsic factor deficiency MIM#261000; Disorders of cobalamin absorption, transport and metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14674 | PRKAG3 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: PRKAG3 were changed from increased glycogen content in skeletal muscle; [Skeletal muscle glycogen content and metabolism QTL] MIM#619030 to increased glycogen content in skeletal muscle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14671 | PRKAG3 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: PRKAG3 were changed from to increased glycogen content in skeletal muscle; [Skeletal muscle glycogen content and metabolism QTL] MIM#619030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14634 | GK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GK were changed from to Glycerol kinase deficiency MIM#307030; Disorders of glycerol metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14622 | GLUL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GLUL were changed from to Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14619 | GLYCTK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GLYCTK were changed from to D-glyceric aciduria MIM#220120; Disorders of serine, glycine or glycerate metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14603 | GNMT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GNMT were changed from to Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency MIM#606664; Disorders of the metabolism of sulphur amino acids | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14530 | MMADHC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MMADHC were changed from to Homocystinuria, cblD type, variant 1 MIM#277410; Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblD type MIM#277410; Methylmalonic aciduria, cblD type, variant 2 MIM#277410; Disorders of cobalamin absorption, transport and metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14527 | MMACHC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MMACHC were changed from to Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type MIM#277400; Disorders of cobalamin absorption, transport and metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14404 | PAH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PAH were changed from to Phenylketonuria MIM#261600; Disorders of phenylalanine or tyrosine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14398 | PEPD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PEPD were changed from to Prolidase deficiency MIM#170100; disorders of peptide metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14341 | UGT1A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UGT1A1 were changed from to Bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 deficiency (Disorders of bile acid metabolism and transport); Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type I 218800; Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type II 606785 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14305 | MTHFR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MTHFR were changed from to Homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency MIM#236250; Disorders of folate metabolism and transport | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14115 | SLC19A3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC19A3 were changed from to Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2 (biotin- or thiamine-responsive encephalopathy type 2), MIM# 607483 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14112 | SLC19A3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC19A3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15871139, 20065143, 23482991, 24878502, 23589815, 24166474, 26975589, 27896110; Phenotypes: Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2 (biotin- or thiamine-responsive encephalopathy type 2), MIM# 607483; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14075 | ASS1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ASS1 were changed from to Citrullinemia MIM#215700; Urea cycle disorders and inherited hyperammonaemias; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14046 | ASPA | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ASPA were changed from to Canavan disease MIM#271900; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13919 | CYP2C19 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Voriconazole: Improved time to target concentration with genotype directed dosing (PMID 26616742), reduced underexposure (PMID: 31549389) (PMID 31549386) (PMID:27981572) Voriconazole, moderate strength. Poor metabolizer: "Higher dose-adjusted trough concentrations of voriconazole and may increase probability of adverse events." Ultrarapid metabolizer: "probability of attainment of therapeutic voriconazole concentrations is small with standard dosing."; to: Pharmacogenomics gene Voriconazole: Improved time to target concentration with genotype directed dosing (PMID 26616742), reduced underexposure (PMID: 31549389) (PMID 31549386) (PMID:27981572) Voriconazole, moderate strength. Poor metabolizer: "Higher dose-adjusted trough concentrations of voriconazole and may increase probability of adverse events." Ultrarapid metabolizer: "probability of attainment of therapeutic voriconazole concentrations is small with standard dosing." |
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| Mendeliome v0.13856 | CYP2B6 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CYP2B6 were changed from to Efavirenz, poor metabolism of MIM#614546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13854 | CYP2B6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CYP2B6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Efavirenz, poor metabolism of MIM#614546; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13805 | DYRK1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DYRK1B were changed from to Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3 - MIM#615812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13674 | DYRK1B | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: DYRK1B: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34193236, 34786696, 24827035, 28743892; Phenotypes: Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3 - MIM#615812; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13637 | HK1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: HMSNR is an autosomal recessive progressive complex peripheral neuropathy characterized by onset in the first decade of distal lower limb weakness and muscle atrophy resulting in walking difficulties. Distal impairment of the upper limbs usually occurs later, as does proximal lower limb weakness. There is distal sensory impairment, with pes cavus and areflexia. Laboratory studies suggest that it is a myelinopathy resulting in reduced nerve conduction velocities in the demyelinating range as well as a length-dependent axonopathy. Founder variant in the Roma, -3818-195G-C, AltT2 EXON in 5'UTR identified in multiple families. Note gene is associated with other phenotypes.; to: Bi-allelic variants and neuropathy: HMSNR is an autosomal recessive progressive complex peripheral neuropathy characterized by onset in the first decade of distal lower limb weakness and muscle atrophy resulting in walking difficulties. Distal impairment of the upper limbs usually occurs later, as does proximal lower limb weakness. There is distal sensory impairment, with pes cavus and areflexia. Laboratory studies suggest that it is a myelinopathy resulting in reduced nerve conduction velocities in the demyelinating range as well as a length-dependent axonopathy. Founder variant in the Roma, -3818-195G-C, AltT2 EXON in 5'UTR identified in multiple families. Note gene is associated with other phenotypes. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13607 | HGD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HGD were changed from to Alkaptonuria MIM#203500; Disorders of phenylalanine or tyrosine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13507 | BCKDK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BCKDK were changed from to Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency MIM#614923; disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13429 | DIO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DIO1 were changed from to Thyroid hormone metabolism, abnormal, 2, MIM# 619855 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13426 | DIO1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DIO1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Thyroid hormone metabolism, abnormal, 2, MIM# 619855; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13390 | PHYH |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PHYH: Added comment: Refsum disease is an autosomal recessive inborn error of lipid metabolism classically characterized by a tetrad of clinical abnormalities: retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and elevated protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without an increase in the number of cells. Well established gene-disease association.; Changed publications: 9326939, 9326940 |
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| Mendeliome v0.13121 | FBP1 | Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: Well-established gene-disease association. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) deficiency is metabolic disorder characterised by episodic acute crises of lactic acidosis and ketotic hypoglycaemia, manifesting as hyperventilation, apneic spells, seizures, and/or coma. Both SNVs and CNVs have been reported.; to: Well-established gene-disease association. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterised by episodic acute crises of lactic acidosis and ketotic hypoglycaemia, manifesting as hyperventilation, apneic spells, seizures, and/or coma. Both SNVs and CNVs have been reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13058 | PPP1R15B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R15B were changed from to Microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism 2, MIM# 616817 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13054 | PPP1R15B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PPP1R15B: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26159176, 26307080, 27640355; Phenotypes: Microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism 2, MIM# 616817; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12955 | PSPH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PSPH were changed from to Phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency MIM#614023; Disorders of serine, glycine or glycerate metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12827 | SLC25A19 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A19 were changed from to Microcephaly, Amish type, MIM#607196; Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 4 (progressive polyneuropathy type), MIM#613710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12824 | SLC25A19 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC25A19: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31506564, 31295743, 12185364, 19798730; Phenotypes: Microcephaly, Amish type, MIM#607196, Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 4 (progressive polyneuropathy type), MIM#613710; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12806 | TPMT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TPMT were changed from to {Thiopurines, poor metabolism of, 1} 610460 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12804 | TPMT | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TPMT: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Thiopurines, poor metabolism of, 1} 610460; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12756 | TPK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TPK1 were changed from to Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (episodic encephalopathy type), MIM# 614458 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12753 | TPK1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TPK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22152682, 33626592, 33231275, 33086386; Phenotypes: Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (episodic encephalopathy type), MIM# 614458; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12728 | TRAPPC10 |
Naomi Baker gene: TRAPPC10 was added gene: TRAPPC10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRAPPC10 were set to PMID: 35298461; 30167849 Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC10 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), TRAPPC10-related Review for gene: TRAPPC10 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35298461 – two Pakistani families reported with homozygous variants. Family 1 has frameshift variant in 8 affected individual and family 2 has missense variant in 2 affected individuals. Patients present with microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Seizures also reported in 4/10 individuals. Paper also reported brain abnormalities in null mouse model and other functional in transfected cell lines. PMID: 30167849 – initial report of family 2 above. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12673 | SLC25A42 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A42 were changed from to Metabolic crises, recurrent, with variable encephalomyopathic features and neurologic regression , MIM#618416 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12670 | SLC25A42 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC25A42: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26541337, 29327420, 29923093, 34258143; Phenotypes: Metabolic crises, recurrent, with variable encephalomyopathic features and neurologic regression , MIM#618416; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12517 | AMT | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: AMT were changed from to Glycine encephalopathy MIM#605899; disorder of glycine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12508 | ALDH18A1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ALDH18A1 were changed from Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA MIM#219150; Spastic paraplegia 9A, autosomal dominant MIM#601162; Spastic paraplegia 9B, autosomal recessive MIM#616586; Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3 MIM#616603; disorders of ornithine or proline metabolism to Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA MIM#219150; Spastic paraplegia 9A, autosomal dominant MIM#601162; Spastic paraplegia 9B, autosomal recessive MIM#616586; Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3 MIM#616603; disorders of ornithine or proline metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12507 | ALDH6A1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ALDH6A1 were changed from to Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency MIM#614105; disorder of valine and pyrimidine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12505 | ALDH18A1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ALDH18A1 were changed from to Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA MIM#219150; Spastic paraplegia 9A, autosomal dominant MIM#601162; Spastic paraplegia 9B, autosomal recessive MIM#616586; Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3 MIM#616603; disorders of ornithine or proline metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12475 | FTCD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FTCD were changed from Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency MIM#229100; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism to Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency MIM#229100; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12472 | FTCD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FTCD were changed from to Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency MIM#229100; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12378 | TAMM41 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TAMM41 was added gene: TAMM41 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TAMM41 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAMM41 were set to 35321494; 29253589 Phenotypes for gene: TAMM41 were set to inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder MONDO:0004069; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis Review for gene: TAMM41 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with mitochondrial disease that share clinical features, including lethargy at birth, hypotonia, developmental delay, myopathy, and ptosis with biallelic variants. Tissue-specific observations on OXPHOS were identified, cardiolipin levels were unchanged in subject fibroblasts but significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of affected individuals. The missense variants identified were defective in yeast models. In an in vitro cell model knockdown of TAMM41 resulted in decreased mitochondrial CDP diacylglycerol synthase activity, decreased cardiolipin levels and a decrease in oxygen consumption. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12028 | MAT1A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAT1A were changed from to Hypermethioninemia, persistent, autosomal dominant, due to methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency MIM#250850; Methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency, autosomal recessive MIM#250850; Disorders of the metabolism of sulphur amino acids | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11932 | TANGO2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TANGO2 were changed from to Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration, MIM# 616878 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11929 | TANGO2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TANGO2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26805782, 30245509; Phenotypes: Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration, MIM# 616878; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11848 | STS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STS were changed from to Ichthyosis, X-linked 308100; Sterol metabolism disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11665 | UCP3 |
Belinda Chong changed review comment from: Inheritance: Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and multifactorial PMID: 21544083 Identified four novel mutations in the UCP3 gene (V56M, A111V, V192I and Q252X) in 200 children with severe, early-onset obesity (body mass index-standard deviation score >2.5; onset: <4 years) living in Southern Italy. Indicated that protein UCP3 affects long-chain fatty acid metabolism and can prevent cytosolic triglyceride storage. Also suggested that telmisartan, which increases fatty acid oxidation in rat skeletal muscle, also improves UCP3 wt and mutant protein activity, including the dominant-negative UCP3 mutants (V56M & Q252X). All variants are present in GnomAD there are 56 - V56M, 325 - A111V, 9 - V192I and 2 - A252X; to: Inheritance: Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and multifactorial PMID: 21544083 Identified four novel mutations in the UCP3 gene (V56M, A111V, V192I and Q252X) in 200 children with severe, early-onset obesity (body mass index-standard deviation score >2.5; onset: <4 years) living in Southern Italy. Indicated that protein UCP3 affects long-chain fatty acid metabolism and can prevent cytosolic triglyceride storage. Also suggested that telmisartan, which increases fatty acid oxidation in rat skeletal muscle, also improves UCP3 wt and mutant protein activity, including the dominant-negative UCP3 mutants (V56M & Q252X). Single pathogenic variant in ClinVar All variants are present in GnomAD there are 56 - V56M, 325 - A111V, 9 - V192I and 2 - A252X |
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| Mendeliome v0.11540 | NDUFAF4 |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: NDUFAF4: Added comment: 3 unrelated families reported with patient-specific functional evidence provided for each. PMID: 32949790 - report two siblings with facial dysmorphism and lactic acidosis diagnosed neonatally with subsequent fatal early encephalopathy with apneic episodes, irritability, central hypoventilation, liver involvement and hyperammonemia. Cerebral white matter anomalies reported in one patient and cardiomyopathy in the other. WES identified homozygous nonsense NDUFAF4 variants with absent NDUFAF4 expression in patient fibroblasts. OXPHOS assembly studies demonstrated almost undetectable levels of fully assembled complex I and complex I–containing supercomplexes and an abnormal accumulation of SCIII2IV1 supercomplexes. Morphologically, fibroblasts showed rounder mitochondria and a diminished degree of branching of the mitochondrial network. PMID: 28853723 - report one patient born at 38 weeks after IOL for IUGR. Presented age 7 months with developmental regression, growth failure and central hypotonia. Brain MRI revealed diffuse bilateral signal alterations in the basal ganglia and thalami and an EEG showed generalized slowing with multifocal spikes consistent with an epileptogenic focus. Homozygous missense NDUFAF4 variants identified. Lentiviral complementation of patient fibroblasts with wild-type NDUFAF4 rescued complex I deficiency and assembly defect PMID 18179882 - report multiple affected individuals from one family. Most presented soon after birth with severe metabolic acidosis and high plasma lactate levels. Patients who survived longer were repeatedly admitted because of exacerbation of the acidosis during intercurrent infections. One long-term survivor had profound ID.; Changed publications: 32949790, 28853723, 18179882 |
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| Mendeliome v0.11169 | KYNU | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KYNU were changed from to Hydroxykynureninuria MIM#236800; Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2 MIM#617661; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11010 | DLC1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: DLC1 was added gene: DLC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DLC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DLC1 were set to 29773874 Phenotypes for gene: DLC1 were set to Nephrotic syndrome MONDO:0005377 Review for gene: DLC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants in 4 families, and knockdown of DLC1 in cultured podocytes reduces migration rate and treatment with dexamethasone abolishes RhoA activation. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.10917 | ABCB4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCB4 were changed from Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3 MIM#602347; disorder of bile acid metabolism to Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3 MIM#602347; disorder of bile acid metabolism; Gallbladder disease 1 (MIM#600803) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10907 | ARR3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ARR3 was added gene: ARR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARR3 was set to Other Publications for gene: ARR3 were set to 27829781; 35001458 Phenotypes for gene: ARR3 were set to Myopia 26, X-linked, female-limited MIM#301010 Review for gene: ARR3 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 6 multi-generational families with female-limited early-onset high myopia. Only female carriers are affected and hemizygous males are unaffected. Authors hypothesise the mode of inheritance might be explained by metabolic interference due to X-inactivation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10776 | CYP2C8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYP2C8 were changed from to {Drug metabolism, altered, CYP2C8-related} 618018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10774 | CYP2C8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CYP2C8: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Drug metabolism, altered, CYP2C8-related} 618018; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10561 | ATP5G3 |
Naomi Baker edited their review of gene: ATP5G3: Added comment: Note that HGNC approved gene name is ATP5MC3. PMID: 34636445 reports a missense variant identified in a large single-family pedigree with dystonia and spastic paraplegia. The variant was identified via exome sequencing of the proband and a distant cousin, focussing on variants within the previously determined linkage region. The identical missense variant was also identified in a patient with childhood onset dystonic syndrome and was shown to be de novo. Functional studies of fibroblast cell lines from affected father (HSP) and proband of large family demonstrated decreased complex V function. A drosophila model containing the missense variant had reduced mobility and reduced complex V activity. PMID: 34954817 reports de novo monoallelic missense variants in three individuals, however one of these individuals was reported in above paper. The other two patients were: (1) a-15-year-old girl with milestone delay, pyramidal signs, and generalized dystonia with prominent upper-body involvement, and (2) a 6-year-old boy with delayed psychomotor development, lower-extremity spasticity, and elevated blood lactate levels; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: PMID: 34636445, 34954817 |
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| Mendeliome v0.10377 | ASL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASL were changed from to Argininosuccinic aciduria MIM#207900; Urea cycle disorders and inherited hyperammonaemias; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10375 | ARG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARG1 were changed from to Argininaemia MIM#207800; Urea cycle disorders and inherited hyperammonaemias; disorder of arginine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10366 | ALDH4A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALDH4A1 were changed from to Hyperprolinemia, type II MIM#239510; disorders of ornithine or proline metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10257 | ABO | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: ABO as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10257 | ABO | Zornitza Stark Gene: abo has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10257 | ABO | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABO were changed from to [Blood group, ABO system] MIM#616093 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10256 | ABO | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: ABO as Red List (low evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10256 | ABO | Zornitza Stark Gene: abo has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10250 | ABO | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: ABO: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: [Blood group, ABO system] MIM#616093; Mode of inheritance: Unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10248 | SLC26A5 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: SLC26A5: Another publication identified, plus another individual with bi-allelic variants reported by a diagnostic laboratory. This gene-disease association is supported by mouse models, biochemical function studies and expression studies (12239568, 10821263, 11423665, 12719379, 18466744, 27091614, 17998209). Classified as LIMITED by ClinGen in 2017. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10224 | GALE | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GALE were changed from to Galactose epimerase deficiency MIM#230350; Disorders of galactose metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10215 | GALK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GALK1 were changed from to Galactokinase deficiency with cataracts MIM#230200; Disorders of galactose metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10095 | ASPH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASPH were changed from to Traboulsi syndrome , MIM#601552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10092 | ASPH | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ASPH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24768550, 30194805, 34018898; Phenotypes: Traboulsi syndrome , MIM#601552; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10018 | OGDH |
Zornitza Stark gene: OGDH was added gene: OGDH was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OGDH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OGDH were set to 32383294 Phenotypes for gene: OGDH were set to Developmental delay; ataxia; seizure; raised lactate Review for gene: OGDH was set to AMBER Added comment: Two siblings reported with homozygous missense variant in this gene and global developmental delay, elevated lactate, ataxia and seizure. Fibroblast analysis and modeling of the mutation in Drosophila were used to evaluate pathogenicity of the variant. Note previous report of an individual with developmental delay, hypotonia, and movement disorders and metabolic decompensation and biochemical evidence of OGDH deficiency but genetic testing not done. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10017 | FAAH2 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: PMID: 34645488; - 1x nonsense variant inherited from normal mother - proband presented with a classical Zellweger syndrome phenotype including global developmental delay, seizure disorder, severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, adrenal insufficiency and elevated very long-chain fatty acids and liver enzymes - this variant has 2 hemizygotes in gnomAD PMID: 25885783; - 1x missense inherited from normal mother and absent in normal brother - presented with autistic features, anxiety, pseudoseizures, ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and isolated learning disabilities - biochemical studies on patient fibroblasts confirmed a defect in FAAH2 activity resulting in altered levels of endocannabinoid metabolites. - BUT this variant has 30 hemizygotes in gnomoad Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 34645488; - 1x nonsense variant inherited from normal mother - proband presented with a classical Zellweger syndrome phenotype including global developmental delay, seizure disorder, severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, adrenal insufficiency and elevated very long-chain fatty acids and liver enzymes - this variant has 2 hemizygotes in gnomAD PMID: 25885783; - 1x missense inherited from normal mother and absent in normal brother - presented with autistic features, anxiety, pseudoseizures, ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and isolated learning disabilities - biochemical studies on patient fibroblasts confirmed a defect in FAAH2 activity resulting in altered levels of endocannabinoid metabolites. - BUT this variant has 30 hemizygotes in gnomAD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10017 | FAAH2 |
Ain Roesley gene: FAAH2 was added gene: FAAH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAAH2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: FAAH2 were set to PMID: 34645488 Penetrance for gene: FAAH2 were set to unknown Review for gene: FAAH2 was set to RED gene: FAAH2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 34645488; - 1x nonsense variant inherited from normal mother - proband presented with a classical Zellweger syndrome phenotype including global developmental delay, seizure disorder, severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, adrenal insufficiency and elevated very long-chain fatty acids and liver enzymes - this variant has 2 hemizygotes in gnomAD PMID: 25885783; - 1x missense inherited from normal mother and absent in normal brother - presented with autistic features, anxiety, pseudoseizures, ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and isolated learning disabilities - biochemical studies on patient fibroblasts confirmed a defect in FAAH2 activity resulting in altered levels of endocannabinoid metabolites. - BUT this variant has 30 hemizygotes in gnomoad Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9979 | DHCR24 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DHCR24 were changed from to Desmosterolosis MIM#602398; Disorders of the metabolism of sterols | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9932 | BNC1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: BNC1 was added gene: BNC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BNC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BNC1 were set to 34794894; 30010909; 16624857; 32962729; 32894148; 30689869; 27301361 Phenotypes for gene: BNC1 were set to Premature ovarian failure 16 MIM#618723 Review for gene: BNC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 30010909 - a heterozygous frameshift variant segregates with POF in 6 affected females in a Chinese family. A female mouse model of the human Bnc1 frameshift mutation exhibited infertility. PMID: 32962729 - 1 POF case with p.Asp575Val (which has 89 hets in gnomAD v2.1) and 1 POF case with biallelic missense variants (p.Asp568Val & p.Leu525Pro). SCV001364363.1 - 1 POF case submitted by Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano to ClinVar with NM_001717.4(BNC1):c.2273C>T (p.Thr758Ile) PMID: 32894148, 30689869, 27301361 - large CNVs involving BNC1 reported in POF cases PMID: 16624857 - knockdown of the gene in mouse oocytes lead to subfertility Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9926 | MOCS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MOCS2 were changed from to Molybdenum cofactor deficiency B MIM#252160; Disorders of molybdenum cofactor metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9616 | CSF2RB | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CSF2RB were changed from to Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 5, MIM#614370 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9613 | CSF2RB | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CSF2RB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21205713, 27514590, 7568173, 30846703; Phenotypes: Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 5, MIM#614370; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9613 | CSF2RA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CSF2RA were changed from to Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 4, MIM# 300770 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9610 | CSF2RA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CSF2RA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20622029, 25425184, 18955570; Phenotypes: Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 4, MIM# 300770; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9607 | COG6 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Key features include growth retardation, developmental delay, microcephaly, liver and gastrointestinal disease, joint contractures and episodic fever. Ectodermal signs such as hypohidrosis/hyperthermia, hyperkeratosis and tooth anomalies are prominent. Note Shaheen syndrome, MIM#615328 is an allelic disorder, with overlapping clinical features, but normal transferring isoforms recorded creating confusion about whether it represents a distinct entity.; to: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Key features include growth retardation, developmental delay, microcephaly, liver and gastrointestinal disease, joint contractures and episodic fever. Ectodermal signs such as hypohidrosis/hyperthermia, hyperkeratosis and tooth anomalies are prominent. Note Shaheen syndrome, MIM#615328 is an allelic disorder, with overlapping clinical features, but normal transferrin isoforms recorded creating confusion about whether it represents a distinct entity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9502 | ETHE1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: ETHE1: Severe metabolic disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and regression, prominent pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhoea. Brain MRI shows necrotic lesions in deep gray matter structures. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9437 | SFTPC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SFTPC were changed from to Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 2, MIM# 610913 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9434 | SFTPC | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SFTPC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11207353, 11991887, 11893657, 15557112, 19443464; Phenotypes: Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 2, MIM# 610913; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9434 | SFTPB | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SFTPB were changed from to Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 1, MIM# 265120 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9431 | SFTPB | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SFTPB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8163685, 8021783, 10378403, 10571948; Phenotypes: Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 1, MIM# 265120; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9392 | KCTD13 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: KCTD13 was added gene: KCTD13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: KCTD13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KCTD13 were set to PMID: 33409479 Review for gene: KCTD13 was set to RED Added comment: Mouse model and in vitro evidence suggesting the deletion of KCTD13 has a similar metabolic affect as adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, which has seizures and autistic features. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.9294 | SARS |
Bryony Thompson gene: SARS was added gene: SARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SARS were set to 28236339; 34570399 Phenotypes for gene: SARS were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: SARS was set to AMBER Added comment: Summary - 2 unrelated families with overlapping ID phenotype, and supporting in vitro and patient cell assays. PMID: 28236339 - an Iranian family (distantly related) segregating a homozygous missense (c.514G>A, p.Asp172Asn) with moderate ID, microcephaly, ataxia, speech impairment, and aggressive behaviour. Also, supporting in vitro functional assays demonstrating altered protein function. PMID: 34570399 - a consanguineous Turkish family segregating a homozygous missense (c.638G>T, p.(Arg213Leu)) with developmental delay, central deafness, cardiomyopathy, and metabolic decompensation during fever leading to death. Also, reduced protein level and enzymatic activity in patient cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9285 | EIF3F | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EIF3F: Added comment: Hüffmeier et al (2021) reported 21 patients who were homozygous/compound heterozygous for Phe232Val variant in EIF3F. All affected individuals had developmental delay and speech delay. About half had behavioural problems, altered muscular tone, hearing loss, and short stature. The study suggests that microcephaly, reduced sensitivity to pain, cleft lip/palate, gastrointestinal symptoms and ophthalmological symptoms are part of the phenotypic spectrum.; Changed publications: 30409806, 33736665; Changed phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 67, MIM# 618295 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9026 | TOM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TOM1 was added gene: TOM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TOM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TOM1 were set to 31263572 Phenotypes for gene: TOM1 were set to Immunodeficiency 85 and autoimmunity, MIM# 619510 Review for gene: TOM1 was set to RED Added comment: Parent and child reported with onset of atopic eczema and recurrent respiratory infections in the first decade of life; autoimmune enteropathy with vomiting, diarrhoea, and poor overall growth. More variable features included autoimmune oligoarthritis, interstitial pneumonitis, and EBV viremia. Laboratory studies showed hypogammaglobulinaemia and abnormal T-cell function, consistent with a combined immunodeficiency. Missense variant in TOM1, with limited functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.8823 | SLC51A |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC51A was added gene: SLC51A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC51A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC51A were set to 31863603 Phenotypes for gene: SLC51A were set to Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 6, MIM# 619484 Review for gene: SLC51A was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous LoF variant, who presented with chronic malabsorptive diarrhoea, easy bruising, episodes of prolonged bleeding that required blood transfusions, and failure to thrive. Laboratory testing at age 2.5 years showed elevated liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy demonstrated portal and periportal fibrosis and hepatocytes with foci of hepatocytic cholestasis. Analysis of bile acids in a blood spot were normal. Treatment with ursodiol and cholestyramine was started at 5 years of age. The coagulopathy resolved and his growth was adequate, but his liver transaminases, direct bilirubin, and GGT levels remained elevated. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8601 | CLCN3 |
Kristin Rigbye gene: CLCN3 was added gene: CLCN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CLCN3 were set to PMID: 34186028 Phenotypes for gene: CLCN3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CLCN3 was set to Other Review for gene: CLCN3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 individuals reported, 9 that carried 8 different rare heterozygous missense variants in CLCN3, and 2 siblings that were homozygous for an NMD-predicted frameshift variant likely abolishing ClC-3 function. All missense variants were confirmed to be de novo in eight individuals for whom parental data was available. The 11 individuals in the cohort share clinical features of variable severity. All 11 have GDD or ID and dysmorphic features, and a majority has mood or behavioural disorders and structural brain abnormalities: - Structural brain abnormalities on MRI (9/11) included partial or full agenesis of the corpus callosum (6/9), disorganized cerebellar folia (4/9), delayed myelination (3/9), decreased white matter volume (3/9), pons hypoplasia (3/9), and dysmorphic dentate nuclei (3/9). Six of those with brain abnormalities also presented with seizures. - Nine have abnormal vision, including strabismus in four and inability to fix or follow in the two with homozygous loss-of-function variants. - Hypotonia ranging from mild to severe was reported in 7 of the 11 individuals. - Six have mood or behavioural disorders, particularly anxiety (3/6). - Consistent dysmorphic facial features included microcephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, full cheeks, and micrognathia. The severity of disease in the two siblings with homozygous disruption of ClC-3 is consistent with the drastic phenotype seen in Clcn3 KO mice. The disease was more severe in two siblings carrying homozygous loss-of-function variants with the presence of GDD, absent speech, seizures, and salt and pepper fundal pigmentation in both individuals, with one deceased at 14 months of age. The siblings also had significant neuroanatomical findings including diffusely decreased white matter volume, thin corpora callosa, small hippocampi, and disorganized cerebellar folia. Supporting biallelic inheritance for LoF variants, disruption of mouse Clcn3 results in drastic neurodegeneration with loss of the hippocampus a few months after birth and early retinal degeneration. Clcn3−/− mice display severe neurodegeneration, whereas heterozygous Clcn3+/− mice appear normal. Patch-clamp studies were used to investigate four of the missense variants. These suggested a gain of function in two variants with increased current in HEK cells, however they also showed reduced rectification of voltage and a loss of transient current, plus decreased current amplitude, glycosylation and surface expression when expressed in oocytes, and were suspected to interfere with channel gating and a negative feedback mechanism. These effects were also shown to vary depending on pH levels. The current of the remaining two variants did not differ from WT. For heterozygous missense variants, the disruption induced may be at least partially conferred to mutant/WT homodimers and mutant/ClC-4 heterodimers. Both loss and gain of function in this gene resulted in the same phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8522 | SYNCRIP |
Zornitza Stark gene: SYNCRIP was added gene: SYNCRIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SYNCRIP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SYNCRIP were set to 34157790; 30504930; 27479843; 23020937 Phenotypes for gene: SYNCRIP were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Myoclonic atonic seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology Review for gene: SYNCRIP was set to GREEN Added comment: Semino et al (2021 - PMID: 34157790) provide clinical details on 3 unrelated individuals with de novo SYNCRIP variants and provide a review of 5 additional subjects previously identified within large cohorts in the literature and databases. Features included DD, ID (7/7 for whom this information was available), ASD or autistic features (4/7). MRI abnormalities were observed in 3 (widening of CSF spaces, periventricular nodular heterotopia, prominent lat. ventricles). Epilepsy (myoclonic-astatic epilepsy / Doose syndrome) was reported for 2(/8) individuals. The 3 patients here reported were identified following trio/singleton exome with Sanger confirmation of the variants and their de novo occurrence. Variants are in almost all cases de novo (7/7 for whom this was known) and in 5/8 cases were pLoF, in 2/8 missense SNVs while a case from DECIPHER had a 77.92 kb whole gene deletion not involving other genes with unknown inheritance. Overall the variants reported to date include [NM_006372.5]: 1 - c.858_859del p.(Gly287Leufs*5) 2 - c.854dupA p.(Asn285Lysfs*8) 3 - c.734T>C p.(Leu245Pro) 4 - chr6:85605276-85683190 deletion (GRCh38) 5 - c.629T>C p.(Phe210Ser) 6 - c.1573_1574delinsTT p.(Gln525Leu) 7 - c.1247_1250del p.(Arg416Lysfs*145) 8 - c.1518_1519insC p.(Ala507Argfs*14) [P1-3: this report, P4: DECIPHER 254774, P5-6: Guo et al 2019 - PMID: 30504930, P7: Lelieveld et al 2016 - PMID: 27479843, P8: Rauch et al 2012 - PMID: 23020937 / all other Refs not here reviewed, clinical details summarized by Semino et al in table 1] SYNCRIP (also known as HNRNPQ) encodes synaptotagmin‐binding cytoplasmic RNA‐interacting protein. As the authors note, this RNA-binding protein is involved in multiple pathways associated with neuronal/muscular developmental disorders. Several references are provided for its involvement in regulation of RNA metabolism, among others sequence recognition, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, transport and degradation. Mutations in other RNA-interacting proteins and hnRNP members (e.g. HNRNPU, HNRNPD) are associated with NDD. The missense variant (p.Leu245Pro) is within RRM2 one of the 3 RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains of the protein. These 3 domains, corresponding to the central part of the protein (aa 150-400), are relatively intolerant to variation (based on in silico predictions and/or variation in gnomAD). Leu245 localizes within an RNA binding pocket and in silico modeling suggests alteration of the tertiary structure and RNA-binding capacity of RRM2. There are no additional studies performed. Overall haploinsufficiency appears to be the underlying disease mechanism based on the truncating variants and the gene deletion. [pLI in gnomAD : 1, %HI : 2.48%] Animal models are not discussed. There is no associated phenotype in OMIM. This gene is included in the DD panel of G2P (monoallelic LoF variants / SYNCRIP-related developmental disorder). SysID also lists SYNCRIP within the current primary ID genes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8094 | ABCB4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCB4 were changed from to Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3 MIM#602347; disorder of bile acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7891 | SLC30A5 |
Melanie Marty gene: SLC30A5 was added gene: SLC30A5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC30A5 were set to 33547425; 12095919 Phenotypes for gene: SLC30A5 were set to Perinatal lethal cardiomyopathy Review for gene: SLC30A5 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four affected children from two unrelated families with cardiomyopathy, hydrops fetalis, or cystic hygroma that all deceased perinatally. 2 different homozygous PTCs variants found. Knockout of SLC30A5 in mouse models showed reduced body growth and reduced bone density. About 60% of the mice died due to bradyarrhythmia. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7360 | HNRNPDL |
Bryony Thompson gene: HNRNPDL was added gene: HNRNPDL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPDL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HNRNPDL were set to 24647604; 31267206; 31995753; 32407983; 32904822; 32367994 Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPDL were set to Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal dominant 3 MIM#609115 Review for gene: HNRNPDL was set to GREEN gene: HNRNPDL was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: At least 5 families reported with either D378H/N, and supporting functional assays demonstrating that these variants affect protein function. No other pathogenic variants have been reported. A VUS has been reported (along with another SETX variant) in an individual with a multi-system disorder, including a metabolic myopathy. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.7347 | DNAJB13 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Additional individual identified by VCGS laboratory, homozygous LoF variant.; to: Additional individual identified by VCGS laboratory, homozygous LoF variant and PCD. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7347 | DNAJB13 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Additional individual identified by VCGS laboratory.; to: Additional individual identified by VCGS laboratory, homozygous LoF variant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7347 | DNAJB13 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DNAJB13: Added comment: Additional individual identified by VCGS laboratory.; Changed rating: GREEN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6990 | TRMT10A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRMT10A were changed from to Microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism 1, MIM# 616033; MONDO:0000208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6987 | TRMT10A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TRMT10A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24204302, 25053765, 33448213, 33067246, 26535115, 26526202, 26297882; Phenotypes: Microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism 1, MIM# 616033, MONDO:0000208; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6963 | MSMO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MSMO1 were changed from to Microcephaly, congenital cataract, and psoriasiform dermatitis, MIM# 616834; MONDO:0014793; Disorders of the metabolism of sterols | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6769 | ALDH1L2 |
Naomi Baker gene: ALDH1L2 was added gene: ALDH1L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to PMID: 31341639; 33168096 Phenotypes for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to pruritic ichthyosis, severe diffuse hypomyelination seen on MRI, and abnormal lipid peaks Review for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to RED Added comment: Individual reported with bialleleic ALDH1L2 variants (non-canonical splice and a frameshift mutation), who also has a de novo hemizygous RPS6KA3 frameshift mutation. Authors state that not all features of the individual could be explained by the RPS6KA3 variant, and that consideration of Coffin-Lowry sysndrome was only made after identification of the RPS6KA3 variant. Therefore individual has there is a blended phenotype of Coffin–Lowry syndrome and Sjögren–Larsson syndrome. From functional studies authors propose that the ALDH1L2 loss induces mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced NADPH and increased oxidative stress (PMID: 31341639). Knockout mouse model was viable and did not show an apparent phenotype, however metabolomic analysis showed vastly changed metabotypes in the liver and plasma in these mice suggesting channeling of fatty acids away from β-oxidation. Authors therefore postulate that the role of ALDH1L2 in the lipid metabolism explains why the loss of this enzyme is associated with neuro-cutaneous disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6307 | CETP | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: CETP were changed from to Hyperalphalipoproteinemia MIM#143470; Disorders of high density lipoprotein metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6304 | CETP | Bryony Thompson Added comment: Comment on list classification: Benign metabolic condition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6303 | CETP | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: CETP: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12070157, 2586614, 27604308, 2215607, 2390095; Phenotypes: Hyperalphalipoproteinemia MIM#143470, Disorders of high density lipoprotein metabolism; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6301 | CD320 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: CD320 were changed from to Methylmalonic aciduria, transient, due to transcobalamin receptor defect MIM#613646; Disorders of cobalamin absorption, transport and metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6298 | CD320 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: CD320: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29663633, 27604308, 30303736; Phenotypes: Methylmalonic aciduria, transient, due to transcobalamin receptor defect MIM#613646, Disorders of cobalamin absorption, transport and metabolism; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6296 | PNLIP | Bryony Thompson Added comment: Comment on list classification: Appears to be a clinically benign metabolic condition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6295 | PNLIP |
Bryony Thompson gene: PNLIP was added gene: PNLIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PNLIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PNLIP were set to 31977950; 25862608; 24262094; 27604308 Phenotypes for gene: PNLIP were set to Pancreatic lipase deficiency MIM#614338; disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism Review for gene: PNLIP was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 cases from 2 unrelated families, with supporting biochemical assays in patient cells and cellular-based assays. The cases have decreased absorption of dietary fat and greasy voluminous stools, but apparent normal development and an overall good state of health. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6294 | TDO2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TDO2 was added gene: TDO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TDO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TDO2 were set to 28285122; 27604308 Phenotypes for gene: TDO2 were set to Hypertryptophanemia MIM#600627; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism Review for gene: TDO2 was set to RED Added comment: Single case reported, biochemical phenotype of hypertryptophanemia and hyperserotoninemia does not appear to have significant clinical consequences Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6285 | SARDH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SARDH were changed from to Sarcosinemia MIM#268900; Disorders of serine, glycine or glycerate metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6281 | SARDH | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SARDH: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22825317, 27604308; Phenotypes: Sarcosinemia MIM#268900, Disorders of serine, glycine or glycerate metabolism; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6277 | KHK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KHK were changed from to Fructosuria MIM#229800; Disorders of fructose metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6273 | KHK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KHK: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7833921, 27604308, 29870677; Phenotypes: Fructosuria MIM#229800, Disorders of fructose metabolism; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6273 | HAL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HAL were changed from to Histidinemia MIM#235800; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6269 | HAL | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HAL: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27604308, 15806399, 20156889; Phenotypes: Histidinemia MIM#235800, Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6266 | DCXR |
Zornitza Stark gene: DCXR was added gene: DCXR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DCXR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DCXR were set to 22042873 Phenotypes for gene: DCXR were set to Pentosuria MIM#260800; Disorders of pentose metabolism Review for gene: DCXR was set to AMBER Added comment: At least 9 Ashkenazi Jewish probands reported. The condition is clinically benign. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6179 | EYA3 |
Paul De Fazio gene: EYA3 was added gene: EYA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EYA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: EYA3 were set to 33475861 Phenotypes for gene: EYA3 were set to Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) Review for gene: EYA3 was set to RED gene: EYA3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3 individuals with OAVS from two unrelated families with the same missense variant, p.(Asn358Ser). Variant has 20 heterozygotes in gnomAD. Unaffected carriers in both families were also identified - unknown if incomplete penetrance or nonsegregation. Functional studies indicate the variant increases protein half life, and gene knockdown in zebrafish had an effect on craniofacial development. Rated Red due to both families sharing the variant and uncertainty about incomplete penetrance versus nonsegregation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6172 | BCAT2 |
Bryony Thompson gene: BCAT2 was added gene: BCAT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: BCAT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BCAT2 were set to 14755340; 25653144 Phenotypes for gene: BCAT2 were set to Hypervalinemia or hyperleucine-isoleucinemia MIM#618850; disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism Review for gene: BCAT2 was set to AMBER Added comment: A single case reported with compound heterozygous variants with functional studies demonstrating that the two variants resulted in decreased BCAT2 enzyme activity. Also, a null mouse model has a phenotype similar to human maple syrup urine disease. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.6141 | NDUFC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFC2 was added gene: NDUFC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NDUFC2 were set to 32969598 Phenotypes for gene: NDUFC2 were set to Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 36, MIM# 619170 Review for gene: NDUFC2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 36 (MC1DN36) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals usually do not acquire ambulation, show progressive spasticity, and have impaired intellectual development with absent speech. More variable features may include pale optic discs, poor eye contact, seizures, and congenital heart defects. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate; metabolic acidosis may occur during stress or infection. Brain imaging shows T2-weighted abnormalities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome. Two unrelated families reported, some functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5914 | DPH2 |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: One family reported (PMID:32576952) with biallelic (one missense, one nonsense) variants in DPH2, with phenotype similar to DPH1 deficiency. Another family was previously reported with biallelic nonsense variants (PMID:27421267) with a comparable phenotype, this family also has biallelic variants in KALRN and the authors thought those variants more likely causative. In vitro functional assays support reduced diphthamide synthesis activity for the variants identified in PMID:32576952. Sources: Literature; to: One 19 month old reported (PMID:32576952) with biallelic (one missense, one nonsense) variants in DPH2, with phenotype similar to DPH1 deficiency (gross motor delay, not walking, fine motor and expressive language delays, macrocephaly) Another family (sibs) was previously reported with biallelic nonsense variants (PMID:27421267) with a comparable phenotype, this family also has biallelic variants in KALRN and the authors thought those variants more likely causative. Patients had ID and microcephaly (in contrast to the 19 month old above). In vitro functional assays support reduced diphthamide synthesis activity for the variants identified in PMID:32576952. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5500 | KCNJ18 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNJ18 was added gene: KCNJ18 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ18 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNJ18 were set to 20074522; 27008341 Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ18 were set to {Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 2}, MIM# 613239 Review for gene: KCNJ18 was set to RED Added comment: Six variants reported in original publication, however note lack of segregation data and limited functional data. Subsequently, concerns raised about high nucleotide sequence homology between multiple potassium channel genes, with variant misattribution. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.5060 | AFF2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: This is classically a triplet expansion disorder. Note one report of an intragenic deletion which segregated with ID in a family, and two truncating variants classified as pathogenic by laboratories in ClinVar.; to: This is classically a triplet expansion disorder. Note one report of an intragenic deletion which segregated with ID in a family, and two truncating variants classified as pathogenic by laboratories in ClinVar. Missense variants found to be over-represented in an autism cohort. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5057 | AFF2 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: AFF2: This is classically a triplet expansion disorder. Note one report of an intragenic deletion which segregated with ID in a family, and two truncating variants classified as pathogenic by laboratories in ClinVar. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4872 | SHMT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHMT2 was added gene: SHMT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SHMT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHMT2 were set to 33015733 Phenotypes for gene: SHMT2 were set to Congenital microcephaly; Infantile axial hypotonia; Spastic paraparesis; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the corpus callosum; Abnormal cortical gyration; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Abnormality of the face; Proximal placement of thumb; 2-3 toe syndactyly Review for gene: SHMT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: García‑Cazorla et al. (2020 - PMID: 33015733) report 5 individuals (from 4 families) with a novel brain and heart developmental syndrome caused by biallelic SHMT2 pathogenic variants. All affected subjects presented similar phenotype incl. microcephaly at birth (5/5 with OFC < -2 SD though in 2/5 cases N OFC was observed later), DD and ID (1/5 mild-moderate, 1/5 moderate, 3/5 severe), motor dysfunction in the form of spastic (5/5) paraparesis, ataxia/dysmetria (3/4), intention tremor (in 3/?) and/or peripheral neuropathy (2 sibs). They exhibited corpus callosum hypoplasia (5/5) and perisylvian microgyria-like pattern (4/5). Cardiac problems were reported in all, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 4/5 (from 3 families) and atrial-SD in the 5th individual (1/5). Common dysmorphic features incl. long palpebral/fissures, eversion of lateral third of lower eylids, arched eyebrows, long eyelashes, thin upper lip, short Vth finger, fetal pads, mild 2-3 toe syndactyly, proximally placed thumbs. Biallelic variants were identified following exome sequencing in all (other investigations not mentioned). Identified variants were in all cases missense SNVs or in-frame del, which together with evidence from population databases and mouse model might suggest a hypomorphic effect of variants and intolerance/embryonic lethality for homozygous LoF ones. SHMT2 encodes the mitohondrial form of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The enzyme transfers one-carbon units from serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF) and generates glycine and 5,10,methylene-THF. Mitochondrial defect was suggested by presence of ragged red fibers in myocardial biopsy of one patient. Quadriceps and myocardial biopsies of the same individual were overall suggestive of myopathic changes. While plasma metabolites were within N range and SHMT2 protein levels not significantly altered in patient fibroblasts, the authors provide evidence for impaired enzymatic function eg. presence of the SHMT2 substrate (THF) in patient but not control (mitochondria-enriched) fibroblasts , decrease in glycine/serine ratios, impared folate metabolism. Patient fibroblasts displayed impaired oxidative capacity (reduced ATP levels in a medium without glucose, diminished oxygen consumption rates). Mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels were also suggestive of redox malfunction. Shmt2 ko in mice was previously shown to be embryonically lethal attributed to severe mitochondrial respiration defects, although there was no observed brain metabolic defect. The authors performed Shmt2 knockdown in motoneurons in Drosophila, demonstrating neuromuscular junction (# of satellite boutons) and motility defects (climbing distance/velocity). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4602 | SECISBP2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SECISBP2 were changed from to Thyroid hormone metabolism, abnormal, MIM# 609698 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4599 | SECISBP2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SECISBP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16228000, 19602558, 21084748, 22247018; Phenotypes: Thyroid hormone metabolism, abnormal, MIM# 609698; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4531 | IBA57 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 15 families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of previously acquired developmental milestones in the first months or years of life. Some affected individuals have normal development in early infancy before the onset of symptoms, whereas others show delays from birth. Features included loss of motor function, spasticity, pyramidal signs, loss of speech, and cognitive impairment. The disease course is highly variable: some individuals die of respiratory failure early in childhood, whereas some survive but may be bedridden with a feeding tube. Less commonly, some individuals may survive and have a stable course with motor deficits and mild or even absent cognitive impairment, although there may be fluctuating symptoms, often in response to infection. Other variable features include visual problems and seizures. Brain imaging shows diffuse leukodystrophy in the subcortical region, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Laboratory studies tend to show increased lactate and CSF glycine, and decreased activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II, although these findings are also variable.; to: MMDS3: More than 15 families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of previously acquired developmental milestones in the first months or years of life. Some affected individuals have normal development in early infancy before the onset of symptoms, whereas others show delays from birth. Features included loss of motor function, spasticity, pyramidal signs, loss of speech, and cognitive impairment. The disease course is highly variable: some individuals die of respiratory failure early in childhood, whereas some survive but may be bedridden with a feeding tube. Less commonly, some individuals may survive and have a stable course with motor deficits and mild or even absent cognitive impairment, although there may be fluctuating symptoms, often in response to infection. Other variable features include visual problems and seizures. Brain imaging shows diffuse leukodystrophy in the subcortical region, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Laboratory studies tend to show increased lactate and CSF glycine, and decreased activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II, although these findings are also variable. SPG74: Three families with spastic paraparesis as a feature of the condition. |
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| Mendeliome v0.4520 | SLC12A2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLC12A2: Added comment: Monoallelic : DD/ID was a feature in >= 6 individuals with monoallelic de novo SLC12A2. An individual with an exon 22 truncating variant was reported to have normal milestones and cognitive function. Exon 21 variants have been described in individuals with rather isolated hearing impairment (possibly some associated motor delay, but normal cognition). Hearing impairment was also reported in 2/6 patients with variants in other exons (1 missense / 1 frameshift). Biallelic : DD/ID was reported in at least 3 individuals in literature. Hearing impairment has been reported on 2 occasions (although this was not probably evaluated in all subjects). --- Monoallelic SLC12A2 mutations : ► Individuals with de novo mutations and developmental disorder were first identified by the DDD study (2017 - PMID: 28135719). 5 of them have been reported in detail by McNeill et al (below). ► McNeill et al (2020 - PMID: 32658972) report on 6 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder due to de novo SLC12A2 mutation. All presented DD or ID ranging from mild to severe. ASD was reported in 3/6. Sensorineural hearing loss was a feature in 2/6 with the remaining having normal formal evaluations. Brain, cardiac and/or additional malformations were reported in a single individual. Following non-diagnostic prior work-up (CMA, FMR1 or other investigations) trio exome sequencing revealed missense (4/6) or truncating variants (2/6). Three additional individuals (incl. a father and his son) with missense variants in exon 21 (NM_001046.3 / p.Glu979Lys and p.Glu980Lys) presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Speech and/or motor delay reported in these cases were attributed to the hearing impairment/vestibular arreflexia (cognitive abilities not tested). SLC12A2 encodes sodium-potassium-chloride transporter 1 (also NKCC1). The GTEx project has identified 8 isoforms. In brain both exon 21-containing/deleted isoforms are expressed (cited Morita et al 2014 - PMID: 24695712). As the authors discuss, RNA-seq of the developing mouse cochlea suggests that the exon 21 containing isoform is the single transcript expressed. Evidence from RNA-seq data (BrainSpan project) and literature suggests that the significant amounts of exon 21 lacking isoforms in fetal brain compensate for the deleterious effects of exon 21 variants and explain the lack of NDD in relevant patients. Slc12a2 (NKCC1) null mouse model has demonstrated that the transporter plays a role in accumulation of the potassium rich endolymph in the inner ear, with NKCC1 absence causing sensorineural deafness and imbalance. Slc12a2 display cochlear malformations, loss of hair cells and hearing impairment (cited Delpire et al 1999 - PMID: 10369265). The brain phenotype has not been studied extensively, although loss of Slc12a2 has been shown to inhibit neurogenesis (cited: Magalhães and Rivera et al. - PMID: 27582690). Slc12a2 null zebrafish display a collapse of the otic vesicle and reduced endolymph (Abbas and Whitfield, 2009 - PMID: 19633174) relevant to the human hearing disorder. In vitro assessment of NKCC1 ion transporter function in Xenopus laevis, supported the deleterious effect of the identified variants (significant reduction in K+ influx). Using available single cell RNA-seq data the authors further demonstrated that SLC12A2 expressing cells display transcriptomic profiles reflective of active neurogenesis. ► Delpire et al (2016 - PMID: 27900370 - not reviewed in detail) described a 13 y.o. girl harboring a de novo 11-bp deletion in SLC12A2 exon 22. This individual reached developmental milestones on time and had a NORMAL cognitive function. Hearing was seemingly normal. Features included orthostatic intolerance, respiratory weakness, multiple endocrine abnormalities, pancreatic insufficiency and multiorgan failure incl. gut and bladder. Exome in the proband, parents and 3 unaffected sibs suggested SLC12A2 as the only candidate for her phenotype. Functional analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that a non functional transporter was expressed and trafficked to the membrane as the wt. Detection of the truncated protein at higher molecular sizes suggested either enhanced dimerization or misfolded aggregate. There was no dominant-negative effect of mutant NKCC1. In patient fibroblasts a reduced total and NKCC1-mediated K+ influx. ► Mutai et al (2020 - PMID: 32294086) report on several individuals from 4 families, harboring variants within exon 21 or - in one case - at it's 3' splice-site (leading to skipping oe this exon at the mRNA level). All subjects were investigated for severe/profound hearing loss (in line with the role of exon 21-included isoforms in cochlea. The variant segregated with hearing impairment in 3 generations of a family while in all other subjects the variant had occured as de novo event. Despite motor delays (e.g. the subject from fam2 could not hold head or sit at the age of 10m / the proband in Fam3 was able to hold his head and walk at 6 and 20 m respectively) behavior and cognition were commented to be within normal range. ----- Biallelic SLC12A2 mutations: ► Anazi et al (2017 - PMID: 29288388) briefly reported on a 3 y.o. boy (17DG0776) with central hypotonia, neonatal respiratory distress, failure to thrive, global DD and microcephaly and a skeletal survey suggestive of osteopenia. After non-diagnostic prior investigations (CMA revealing a 1p duplication classified as VUS, extensive metabolic workup), WES revealed a homozygous SLC12A2 splicing variant [NM_001046.2:c.2617-2A>G]. ► Macnamara et al (2019 - PMID: 30740830) described a 5.5 y.o. male with sensorineural hearing loss, profound delays in all developmental areas among several other features (choanal atresia, failure to thrive, respiratory problems, absent sweat and tear production or salivation, GI abnormalities). Genetic testing for several disorders considered (cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, sequencing and del/dup analysis of mtDNA) was normal. CMA revealed paternal uniparental isodisomy for chr. 5 and WGS a homozygous 22kb deletion in SLC12A2. This was followed by confirmation of homozygosity in the proband, heterozygosity of the unaffected father, delineation of breakpoints (chr5:127441491-127471419). mRNA studies in patient fibroblasts confirmed deletion of ex2-7, splicing of ex1 directly to ex8 and introduction of a premature stop codon in ex9. qRT-PCR confirmed that mRNA is likely subjected to NMD (expression ~80% of control). Western blot confirmed absence of the protein in the patient's fibroblasts. Again mouse models are thought to recapitulate the hearing defect but also the deficient saliva production (cited Evans et al 2000 - PMID: 10831596). Again the authors speculate a role of SLC12A2 in brain development based on evidence from murine models (migration, dendritic growth, increse in neuron density through regulation of GABAergic signalling (Young et al 2012 - PMID: 23015452). Hypotheses are also made on a regulatory relationship between NKCC1 and CFTR based on mRNA data from the ko mouse model. ► Stödberg et al (2020 - PMID: 32754646) reported 2 sibs with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder due to compound heterozygosity for a frameshift SLC12A2 variant and a splicing one (NM_001046:c.1431delT and c.2006-1G>A). Both presented hypotonia, neonatal S. aureus parotitis and respiratory problems (incl. apneas). While the older sib died at the age of 22 days, the younger one had persistent respiratory issues incl. a dry respiratory mucosa motivating metabolic, immunology investigations and testing for CF. She displayed microcephaly (OFC -2.5 SD, H was also -3.5SD), severe intellectual disability. MRI was suggestive of white matter and basal ganglia abnormalities. Other features incl. hearing impairment, and lack of tears,saliva and sweat, constipation and intestinal malrotation. There was facial dysmorphism. The variants were the only retained following WGS of the 2 affected sisters, parents and an unaffected brother. The splicing variant was shown to result in skipping of exon 13, while the indel in NMD. Again the authors discuss that the deficient saliva production, impaired hearing and GI problems are recapitulated in the mouse model (several refs provided).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28135719, 32658972, 27900370, 32294086, 29288388, 30740830, 32754646; Changed phenotypes: Kilquist syndrome, deafness, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, absent salivation, ectodermal dysplasia, constipation, intestinal malrotation, multiple congenital anomalies; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.4496 | FNIP1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: FNIP1 was added gene: FNIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FNIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FNIP1 were set to 32181500; 32905580 Phenotypes for gene: FNIP1 were set to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; Primary Immunodeficiency; Agammaglobulinemia; Neutropenia Review for gene: FNIP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: - PMID: 32181500 (2020) - Three patients from two independent consanguineous families with homozygous variants (c.3353G>A, p.Ser1118Asn and c.1289delA, p.His430Profs7*) in the FNIP1 gene. Both variants segregated with the disease phenotype in each family. Clinically, patients presented with combined immunodeficiency, cardiac findings (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome), and myopathy of skeletal muscles with motor DD. Authors note phenotypic overlap with the murine model of FNIP1 deficiency, but no functional analyses of the variants or patient cells were performed. - PMID: 32905580 (2020) - Three cases from unrelated families, all harbouring novel biallelic variants in FNIP1. Clinical manifestations in all patients include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe and/or recurrent infections, absent circulating B-cells, and agammaglobulinemia; as well as either severe or intermittent neutropenia in two cases. Functional studies showed impairment of B-cell metabolism, including disruptions to mitochondrial numbers/activity and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4463 | NAXE | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1 (PEBEL1) is an autosomal recessive severe neurometabolic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive neurologic deterioration that is usually associated with a febrile illness. Affected infants tend to show normal early development followed by acute psychomotor regression with ataxia, hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and seizures, resulting in coma and death in the first years of life. Brain imaging shows multiple abnormalities, including brain edema and signal abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions. More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain oedema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1 (PEBEL1) is an autosomal recessive severe neurometabolic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive neurologic deterioration that is usually associated with a febrile illness. Affected infants tend to show normal early development followed by acute psychomotor regression with ataxia, hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and seizures, resulting in coma and death in the first years of life. Brain imaging shows multiple abnormalities, including brain edema and signal abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions. More than 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4398 | SVBP |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 5 unrelated families with homozygous mutations in SVBP. The mutations segregated with the disorder in all families. In vitro functional cellular expression studies showed that protein levels of the SVBP mutants were barely detectable, suggesting instability, and that the mutant proteins had lost VASH/SVBP catalytic detyrosination activity toward tubulin. Knockdown of about 50% Svbp expression using shRNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired the formation of excitatory synapses compared to controls. Sources: Literature; to: 5 unrelated families with homozygous mutations in SVBP. Some shared the same founder variant, p.Q28*. The mutations segregated with the disorder in all families. In vitro functional cellular expression studies showed that protein levels of the SVBP mutants were barely detectable, suggesting instability, and that the mutant proteins had lost VASH/SVBP catalytic detyrosination activity toward tubulin. Knockdown of about 50% Svbp expression using shRNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired the formation of excitatory synapses compared to controls. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4389 | MAPK8IP3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MAPK8IP3: Added comment: 18 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants and a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by global developmental delay, variably impaired intellectual development, and poor or absent speech. Additional features may include hypotonia, spasticity, or ataxia. About half have abnormal findings on brain imaging, including cerebral or cerebellar atrophy, loss of white matter volume, thin corpus callosum, and perisylvian polymicrogyria. Seizures are not a prominent finding, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features are described.; Changed publications: 30612693, 30945334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4380 | KCNA2 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: KCNA2: Review of 23 affected individuals in PMID 29050392: some variants are LoF and others GoF, and some genotype-phenotype correlations made. The main differences were (i) predominant focal (loss-of-function) versus generalized (gain-of-function) seizures and corresponding epileptic discharges with prominent sleep activation in most cases with loss-of-function mutations; (ii) more severe epilepsy, developmental problems and ataxia, and atrophy of the cerebellum or even the whole brain in about half of the patients with gain-of-function mutations; and (iii) most severe early-onset phenotypes, occasionally with neonatal onset epilepsy and developmental impairment, as well as generalised and focal seizures and EEG abnormalities for patients with gain- and loss-of-function mutations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4015 | ABCA3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCA3 were changed from to Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 3, MIM# 610921 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4012 | ABCA3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ABCA3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15044640; Phenotypes: Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 3, MIM# 610921; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4002 | AASS | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hyperlysinemia type I is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition with variable clinical features. Some patients who present in infancy with nonspecific seizures, hypotonia, or mildly delayed psychomotor development have been found to have increased serum lysine and pipecolic acid on laboratory analysis. However, about 50% of probands are reported to be asymptomatic. Given the broad range of clinical features and the presence of consanguinity in several families, there was not strong evidence for causality of symptoms. Hyperlysinemia is generally considered to be a benign metabolic variant rather than a disease entity.; to: Hyperlysinemia type I is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition with variable clinical features. Some patients who present in infancy with nonspecific seizures, hypotonia, or mildly delayed psychomotor development have been found to have increased serum lysine and pipecolic acid on laboratory analysis. However, about 50% of probands are reported to be asymptomatic. Given the broad range of clinical features and the presence of consanguinity in several families, there was not strong evidence for causality of symptoms. It has been suggested that hyperlysinemia is a benign metabolic variant rather than a disease entity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3590 | ANO1 |
Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: PMID: 32487539 (2020) - Two affected sibs presenting in early infancy with impaired intestinal peristalsis, intestinal pneumatosis and dysmorphic features. Delayed motor and language development was reported in one sibling, however, the other sibling died at 5 months from cardiac arrest and therefore a psychomotor assessment was performed. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating variant (c.897+3_897+6delAAGT, p.L300Vfs*58) in ANO1 which segregated with disease in the family. Functional data revealed that the variant led to lack of expression of functional TMEM16A in patient cells, which in turn abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Also supportive mouse model. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 32487539 (2020) - Two affected sibs presenting in early infancy with impaired intestinal peristalsis, intestinal pneumatosis and dysmorphic features. Delayed motor and language development was reported in one sibling, however, the other sibling died at 5 months from cardiac arrest and therefore a psychomotor assessment was not performed. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating variant (c.897+3_897+6delAAGT, p.L300Vfs*58) in ANO1 which segregated with disease in the family. Functional data revealed that the variant led to lack of expression of functional TMEM16A in patient cells, which in turn abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Also supportive mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3590 | ANO1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: ANO1 was added gene: ANO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ANO1 were set to 32487539 Added comment: PMID: 32487539 (2020) - Two affected sibs presenting in early infancy with impaired intestinal peristalsis, intestinal pneumatosis and dysmorphic features. Delayed motor and language development was reported in one sibling, however, the other sibling died at 5 months from cardiac arrest and therefore a psychomotor assessment was performed. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating variant (c.897+3_897+6delAAGT, p.L300Vfs*58) in ANO1 which segregated with disease in the family. Functional data revealed that the variant led to lack of expression of functional TMEM16A in patient cells, which in turn abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Also supportive mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3241 | BTG4 |
Ain Roesley gene: BTG4 was added gene: BTG4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BTG4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BTG4 were set to PMID: 32502391 Phenotypes for gene: BTG4 were set to Zygotic cleavage failure (ZCF) Penetrance for gene: BTG4 were set to unknown Added comment: PMID: 32502391 - 4 affecteds from 4 families including 3 consanguineous families. 3 PTVs + 1 splice. - in vitro assays in HELA cells showed all PTVs had complete loss of protein. The missense variant had abolished interaction with CNOT7 - In vivo studies further demonstrated that the process of maternal mRNA decay was disrupted in the zygotes of the affected individuals, which provides a mechanistic explanation for the phenotype of ZCF Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2044 | MIR140 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MIR140 was added gene: MIR140 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MIR140 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MIR140 were set to 30804514; 31633310 Phenotypes for gene: MIR140 were set to Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Nishimura type, MIM# 618618 Review for gene: MIR140 was set to GREEN Added comment: Single clinical paper (30804514) reports variant in affected mother and child (de novo in mother) and in a separate unrelated female (de novo) with spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. Mouse model (21576357) deletion of gene causes impaired longitudinal bone growth. Separate mouse model studies by same authors as clinical paper above (30804514) showed phenotype of mice with same mutation in this gene consistent with the skeletal dysplasia features of patients with the n.24A-G mutation, suggestive of neomorphic effects (mutation produces both loss-of-function and gain-of-function effects.) Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.1850 | FBN2 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: The gene-disease association with Contractual arachnodactyly is extremely well established. The gene-disease association with macular degeneration much less so. There are ~4 families reported in the literature, and some discussion about whether the contribution of rare FBN2 variants in this context are under a 'monogenic' or 'polygenic' model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1781 | TFAM |
Zornitza Stark gene: TFAM was added gene: TFAM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: TFAM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TFAM were set to 27448789; 29021295; 9500544 Phenotypes for gene: TFAM were set to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 15 (hepatocerebral type) MIM#617156 Review for gene: TFAM was set to AMBER Added comment: One consanguineous family segregates a homozygous variant. Tfam knockout mouse has a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy phenotype and severe mtDNA depletion with abolished oxidative phosphorylation. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1727 | NADK2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NADK2 was added gene: NADK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NADK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NADK2 were set to 24847004; 29388319; 27940755 Phenotypes for gene: NADK2 were set to 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency, MIM# 616034 Review for gene: NADK2 was set to GREEN gene: NADK2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in severe neurologic and metabolic dysfunction beginning in early infancy reported in two individuals with confirmed variants in this gene. Another individual with homozygous hypomorphic start loss variant g.36241900 A>G p. Met1Val and milder phenotype reported (PMID:29388319). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1479 | FMO3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Comment when marking as ready: Inborn error of metabolism accompanied by fish-like body odor resulting from deficiency of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase; to: Comment when marking as ready: Inborn error of metabolism accompanied by fish-like body odour resulting from deficiency of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1479 | FMO3 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Inborn error of metabolism accompanied by fish-like body odor resulting from deficiency of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1471 | COX4I2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: COX4I2: Added comment: Glu138Lys present in 3 homozygotes in gnomad, wich is out of keeping for this rare metabolic disorder. Note no other variants reported in this gene since original report in 2009. All variants submitted to ClinVar are VOUS/LB/B.; Changed rating: RED | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.549 | CAD |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAD was added gene: CAD was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CAD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAD were set to 28007989; 25678555 Phenotypes for gene: CAD were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 50, MIM# 616457 Review for gene: CAD was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from four unrelated families reported, seizures are a prominent part of the phenotype of this progressive neurometabolic condition. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.322 | SVBP |
Zornitza Stark gene: SVBP was added gene: SVBP was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SVBP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SVBP were set to 31363758; 30607023 Phenotypes for gene: SVBP were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxia, hypotonia, and microcephaly; OMIM #618569 Review for gene: SVBP was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 unrelated families with homozygous mutations in SVBP. The mutations segregated with the disorder in all families. In vitro functional cellular expression studies showed that protein levels of the SVBP mutants were barely detectable, suggesting instability, and that the mutant proteins had lost VASH/SVBP catalytic detyrosination activity toward tubulin. Knockdown of about 50% Svbp expression using shRNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired the formation of excitatory synapses compared to controls. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.0 | ABO |
Zornitza Stark gene: ABO was added gene: ABO was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Mode of inheritance for gene: ABO was set to Unknown |
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