Prepair 1000+
Gene: MCOLN1 Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
The MCOLN1 gene is associated with both AD & AR conditions (OMIM).
For carrier screening testing, the only relevant condition is AR Mucolipidosis IV MIM#252650.
Mucolipidosis IV is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by intellectual disability and ophthalmologic abnormalities. Onset is typically present by the end of the first year OMIM).
There are two common Ashkenazi Jewish founder variants, which account for 95% of all MLIV cases in Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. The most common mutation (major AJ variant) is a splice site c.406-2A>G substitution and introduces a premature termination of the ML-1 translation. The other common mutation is a large gene deletion c.-1015_789del
called minor AJ variant (PMID: 32604955).
The genotype–phenotype correlation was proposed based on the location of the variants within the MCOLN1 gene (PMID: 32604955):
- Variants in the loop between the first and second transmembrane domain resulted in a mild phenotyp. Exception is the c.694A>C p.Thr232Pro variant that is associated with severe presentation.
- In patients with variants in the third transmembrane domain, mild neurological manifestation with progressive
retinal diseases was noted.
- The mildest MLIV phenotype results from variants in the fourth transmembrane domain.
- While mutations located between the fifth and sixth transmembrane domain were identified in patients with severe manifestation.Created: 14 Jan 2025, 4:30 a.m. | Last Modified: 14 Jan 2025, 4:30 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.992
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Mucolipidosis IV MIM#252650
Publications
Gene: mcoln1 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Phenotypes for gene: MCOLN1 were changed from Mucolipidosis IV, 252650 (3) to Mucolipidosis IV MIM#252650
Publications for gene: MCOLN1 were set to
Added phenotypes Mucolipidosis IV, 252650 (3) for gene: MCOLN1
gene: MCOLN1 was added gene: MCOLN1 was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Mackenzie's Mission,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: MCOLN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: MCOLN1 were set to Mucolipidosis IV, 252650 (3)
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at panelapp@genomicsengland.co.uk
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.