Prepair 1000+
Gene: IMPG2 Red List (low evidence)Green List (high evidence)
Retinitis pigmentosa 56 - is an early-onset form of RP with progressive visual-field loss and deterioration of visual acuity. Features include night blindness, progressive visual loss, macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) mottling / atrophy, decreased ERG amplitudes (affecting rods more severely than cones), colour vision defect, peripheral visual field loss, central scotoma, retinal blood vessel attenuation, and/or optic disc pallor. These features are largely distinct from the vitelliform macular dystrophy phenotype (MIM#616152).
- biallelic loss-of-function consistently associates with retinitis pigmentosa, while monoallelic loss-of-function consistently associates with vitelliform macular dystrophy.
PMID: 20673862 - 2 families each with 3 affected sibs. Additional 10 index cases identified.
- Those with nonsenses showed early-onset RP, patient with missense variants had a milder maculopathy phenotype.
Age of onset:
PMID 34990796 - 16yo had night blindness and photophobia. Had 22y.o. sibling that was severely affected. Age of initial onset of visual symptoms said to be ~2-4 years of age.
PMID 31264916 - 8y.o. with photophobia and myopia, 4y.o. with light sensitivity. 17yo with poor vision 'since childhood', 17yo with poor vision since birth and poor night vision, 45yo with poor night vision - starting at 6yo and progressing loss of central vision.
PMID 24876279 - age of onset of patients studied: 1, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 6, 1, 1. Symptoms variable, including night blindness, decrease of visual acuity, loss of visual field.
Further studies and evidence:
Mouse models present exhibiting RP phenotype. (PMID: 38217426 - indicates missense variants had minimal retinal pathology in mice)
Functional study present using patient derived iPS (PMID: 36206764) - confirmed LoF due to lack of expression or lack os post-translational modifications - destabilising outer segments of rods and cones.
ClinGen - curation definitive for AR RP phenotype in association with gene IMPG2, with 10 suspected disease-causing variants scored as part of their curation (five nonsense, one frameshift, one canonical splice site disruption, one in-frame exon deletion, and two missense). Variants curated were in 8 probands (PMID: 24876279, PMID: 20673862, PMID: 31264916, PMID: 34990796).
RP genes already screened for by 1000+, consider above adequate evidence to upgrade to green status for inclusion in v2.Created: 7 Nov 2024, 12:57 a.m. | Last Modified: 9 Dec 2024, 12:24 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.633
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Retinitis pigmentosa 56 MIM#613581
Publications
Tag for review tag was added to gene: IMPG2.
gene: IMPG2 was added gene: IMPG2 was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Mackenzie's Mission,Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IMPG2 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa 56, MIM #613801
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at panelapp@genomicsengland.co.uk
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.