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Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic

Gene: TAF1C

Amber List (moderate evidence)
TAF1C (TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit C)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000103168
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000103168
OMIM: 604905, Gene2Phenotype
TAF1C is in 3 panels

1 review

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

I don't know

Knuutinen et al (2020 - PMID: 32779182) report on 2 individuals from 2 consanguineous families, homozygous for TAF1C missense variants.

Both presented with an early onset neurological phenotype with severe global DD, ID (2/2 - moderate and profound), spasticity (2/2), ophthalmic findings (strabismus 2/2, nystagmus 1/2). Epilepsy, abnormal brain MRI (cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and white matter hyperintensities) as well and additional findings were reported in one (always the same individual).

Following a normal CMA, exome in the first case revealed a homozygous missense SNV (NM_005679.3:c.1165C>T / p.Arg389Cys) supported by in silico predictions. mRNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in fibroblasts from this subject. Only the patient and parents were tested for the variant but not 3 unaffected sibs (fig1).

The second individual was homozygous for another missense variant (p.Arg405Cys) also supported by in silico predictions. The girl was the single affected person within the family with an unaffected sib and parents heterozygous for the variant. Several other unaffected relatives in the extended pedigree were either carriers for this variant or homozygous for the wt allele.

TAF1C encodes the TATA-box binding protein associated factor (TAF) RNA polymerase I subunit.

RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes genes to produce rRNA. For Pol I to initiate transcription, two transcription factors are required : UBF (upstream binding factor encoded by UBTF) and SL1 (selectivity factor 1). The latter is formed by TBP (TATA-binding protein) and 3 Pol I-specific TBP-associated factors (TAFs).

A recurrent de novo missense variant in UBTF (encoding the other Pol I transcription factor) causes a disorder with highly similar features. The specific variant acts through a gain-of-function mechanism (and not by LoF which appears to apply for TAF1C based on expression data).

The authors hypothesize that altered Pol I activity and resulting ribosomal stress could cause the microcephaly and leukodystrophy (both reported in 1 - the same - individual).

As a result, TAF1C may be considered for inclusion in the ID panel with amber rating pending further evidence.
Sources: Literature
Created: 18 Aug 2020, 12:37 a.m.

Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal

Phenotypes
Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology

Publications

Created: 18 Aug 2020, 12:37 a.m.

Panel version: 0.2836

Details

Mode of Inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), TAF1C-related
OMIM
604905
Clinvar variants
Variants in TAF1C
Penetrance
Complete
Publications
Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

13 Feb 2024, Gel status: 2

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Gene: taf1c has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).

8 Feb 2024, Gel status: 2

Set Phenotypes

Elena Savva (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services)

Phenotypes for gene: TAF1C were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), TAF1C-related

18 Aug 2020, Gel status: 2

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Gene: taf1c has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).

18 Aug 2020, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: TAF1C was added gene: TAF1C was added to Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF1C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAF1C were set to 32779182 Phenotypes for gene: TAF1C were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology Penetrance for gene: TAF1C were set to Complete Review for gene: TAF1C was set to AMBER