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Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic

Gene: PRKAR1B

Green List (high evidence)

PRKAR1B (protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000188191
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000188191
OMIM: 176911, Gene2Phenotype
PRKAR1B is in 2 panels

2 reviews

Paul De Fazio (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services)

Green List (high evidence)

6 individuals reported with neurodevelopmental disorders, 5 confirmed de novo. 4 carried the same variant p.(Arg335Trp).

Phenotypes include global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia/dyspraxia. 3 patients, all with the p.(Arg335Trp) variant, also had reduced pain sensitivity and congenital hypotonia.
Created: 7 Jan 2022, 3:57 a.m. | Last Modified: 7 Jan 2022, 3:57 a.m.
Panel Version: 0.4418

Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Phenotypes
Marbach-Schaaf neurodevelopmental syndrome MIM#619680

Publications

Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

I don't know

Please consider inclusion of this gene with amber rating pending publication of the preprint and/or additional evidence.

Marbach et al. (2020 - medRxiv : https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314 - last author : C. Schaaf) report 6 unrelated individuals with heterozygous missense PRKAR1B variants.

All presented formal ASD diagnosis (6/6), global developmental delay (6/6) and intellectual disability (all - formal evaluations were lacking though). Additional features included neurologic anomalies (movement disorders : dyspraxia, apraxia, clumsiness in all, with tremor/dystonia or involuntary movements as single occurrences). Three displayed high pain tolerance. Regression in speech was a feature in two. Additional behavior anomalies included ADHD (4-5/6) or aggression (3/6). There was no consistent pattern of malformations, physical anomalies or facial features (with the exception of uplsanted palpebral fissures reported in 4).

3 different missense variants were identified (NM_00116470:c.1003C>T - p.Arg335Trp, c.586G>A - p.Glu196Lys, c.500_501delAAinsTT - p.Gln167Leu) with Arg355Trp being a recurrent one within this cohort (4/6 subjects). A possible splicing effect may apply for the MNV. All variants are absent from gnomAD and the SNVs had CADD scores > 24.

In all cases were parental samples were available (5/6), the variant had occurred as a de novo event.

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes. As the authors comment, the RIβ subunit is primarily expressed in brain with higher expression in cortex and hypothalamus.

The functional consequences of the variants at cellular level were not studied.

Previous studies have demonstrated that downregulation of RIβ in murine hippocampal cultures, reduced phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor involved in long-term memory formation. The authors speculate that a similar effect on cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade may mediate the cognitive effects in humans. RIβ deficient mice also display diminished nociceptive pain, similar to the human phenotype. [Several refs provided].

The authors cite the study by Kaplanis et al (2020 - PMID: 33057194), where in a large sample of 31,058 trio exomes of children with developmental disorders, PRKAR1B was among the genes with significant enrichment for de novo missense variants. [The gene has a pLI score of 0.18 in gnomAD / o/e = 0.26 - so pLoF variants may not be deleterious].

Please note that a specific PRKAR1B variant (NM_002735.2:c.149T>G - p.Leu50Arg) has been previous reported to segregate with a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia and/or parkinsonism within a large pedigree with 12 affected individuals [Wong et al 2014 - PMID: 25414040].
Sources: Literature
Created: 1 Nov 2020, 3:14 p.m.

Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Phenotypes
Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Aggressive behavior; Abnormality of movement; Upslanted palpebral fissure

Publications

Details

Mode of Inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Marbach-Schaaf neurodevelopmental syndrome MIM#619680
  • Global developmental delay
  • Intellectual disability
  • Autism
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Aggressive behavior
  • Abnormality of movement
  • Upslanted palpebral fissure
OMIM
176911
Clinvar variants
Variants in PRKAR1B
Penetrance
unknown
Publications
Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

11 Jan 2022, Gel status: 3

Set Phenotypes

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Phenotypes for gene: PRKAR1B were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Aggressive behavior; Abnormality of movement; Upslanted palpebral fissure to Marbach-Schaaf neurodevelopmental syndrome MIM#619680; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Aggressive behavior; Abnormality of movement; Upslanted palpebral fissure

11 Jan 2022, Gel status: 3

Set publications

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Publications for gene: PRKAR1B were set to https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314; 33057194

11 Jan 2022, Gel status: 3

Set mode of inheritance

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKAR1B was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted

1 Nov 2020, Gel status: 3

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Gene: prkar1b has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).

1 Nov 2020, Gel status: 3

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Gene: prkar1b has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).

1 Nov 2020, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: PRKAR1B was added gene: PRKAR1B was added to Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKAR1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PRKAR1B were set to https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314; 33057194 Phenotypes for gene: PRKAR1B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Aggressive behavior; Abnormality of movement; Upslanted palpebral fissure Penetrance for gene: PRKAR1B were set to unknown Review for gene: PRKAR1B was set to AMBER