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Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic

Gene: EXOC2

Amber List (moderate evidence)
EXOC2 (exocyst complex component 2)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000112685
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000112685
OMIM: 615329, Gene2Phenotype
EXOC2 is in 2 panels

2 reviews

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

I don't know

Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal

Phenotypes
Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and cerebellar hypoplasia, MIM# 619306

Created: 9 May 2021, 11 p.m.
Last Modified: 9 May 2021, 11 p.m.
Panel version: 0.3754

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

I don't know

Van Bergen et al (2020 - PMID: 32639540) report on 3 individuals from 2 families, harboring biallelic EXOC2 mutations.

Clinical presentation included DD, ID (severe in 2 subjects from fam1, borderline intellectual functioning in fam2), dysmorphic features and brain abnormalities. Cerebellar anomalies were common to all with a molar tooth sign observed in one (1/3). Other findings limited to subjects from one family included acquired microcephaly, congenital contractures, spastic quadriplegia (each observed 2/3).

Previous investigations were in all cases non-diagnostic. WES identified biallelic EXOC2 mutations in all affected individuals.

EXOC2 encodes an exocyst subunit. The latter is an octameric complex, component of the membrane transport machinery, required for tethering and fusion of vesicles at the plasma membrane. As discussed ,vesicle transport is important for the development of brain and the function of neurons and glia. Exocyst function is also important for delivery of Arl13b to the primary cilium (biallelic ARL13B mutations cause Joubert syndrome 8) and ciliogenesis.

Affected subjects from a broader consanguineous family (fam1) were homozygous for a truncating variant. Fibroblast studies revealed mRNA levels compatible with NMD (further restored in presence of CHX) as well as reduced protein levels. The female belonging to the second non-consanguineous family was found to harbor 2 missense variants in trans configuration.

An exocytosis defect was demonstrated in fibroblasts from individuals belonging to both families. Ciliogenesis appeared to be normal, however Arl13b localization/recruitment to the cilia was reduced compared with control cells with the defect rescued upon exogenous expression of wt EXOC2.

Mutations in other genes encoding components of the exocyst complex have been previously reported in individuals with relevant phenotypes (e.g. EXOC8 in a boy with features of Joubert s. or EXOC4 in nephrotic syndrome).

The authors discuss on the essential role of EXOC2 based on model organism studies (e.g. impaired neuronal membrane traffic, failure of neuronal polarization and neuromuscular junction expansion seen in Drosophila Sec5 (EXOC2) null mutants).
Sources: Literature
Created: 13 Jul 2020, 6:46 p.m.

Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal

Phenotypes
Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of brain morphology

Publications

Created: 13 Jul 2020, 6:46 p.m.

Panel version: 0.2750

Details

Mode of Inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and cerebellar hypoplasia, MIM# 619306
  • Global developmental delay
  • Intellectual disability
  • Abnormality of the face
  • Abnormality of brain morphology
OMIM
615329
Clinvar variants
Variants in EXOC2
Penetrance
Complete
Publications
Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

9 May 2021, Gel status: 2

Set Phenotypes

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Phenotypes for gene: EXOC2 were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of brain morphology to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and cerebellar hypoplasia, MIM# 619306; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of brain morphology

14 Jul 2020, Gel status: 2

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Gene: exoc2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).

14 Jul 2020, Gel status: 2

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Zornitza Stark (Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Australian Genomics)

Gene: exoc2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).

13 Jul 2020, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: EXOC2 was added gene: EXOC2 was added to Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EXOC2 were set to 32639540 Phenotypes for gene: EXOC2 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of brain morphology Penetrance for gene: EXOC2 were set to Complete Review for gene: EXOC2 was set to AMBER